Kuziva uye Kudanana Frederick Carder's Art Glassware
Yakatumidzwa kunzvimbo iri muNew York uko kambani yacho yaive iri, Steuben Glass Works inowanzozivikanwa pakugadzira plethora yegirazi yakagadzirwa zvakanaka mukutanga kwema1900. Imwe yacho yakagadziriswa muna 1903 apo Thomas Hawkes, purezidhendi weTG Hawkes neChishanu, naFrederick Carder vakabatana pamwechete muKorning, New York.
"Ichi chitsva chinogona kuchinja shanduro yose yekugadzira girazi, uye zita raFrederick Carder nokusingaperi muzvinyorwa zvezvipo zvegorozi masters," akanyora John A.
Shuman III muThe Collector's Encyclopedia yeAmerican Art Glass (ikozvino isiri kudhindwa asi inowanika kuburikidza nevakawanda vanozvitengesa mabhuku paIndaneti).
Steuben yakabudisa mahwendefa mazhinji akashongedzwa neHawkes 'firm through 1918 apo yakazova chikamu cheCorning Glass Company, pamwe nekugadzira girazi rekushongedza nemifananidzo muArt Nouveau mitambo. Mimwe yemitsara yaSteuben yakanga yakagadzirwa zvachose uye vamwe vakakwikwidzana nemidziyo iripo yakagadzirwa naLouis Comfort Tiffany nekambani yeAustria yegirazi Loetz . Kutaura zvazviri, Tiffany akatsigira Steuben mushure mekuona zvidimbu zveAurene achitenda girazi rake rakanaka rakanga riri kunyorwa.
Zvechokwadi, pakasvika kusvika pariri, nzira yekuita iyo mbiri yakanga iri yakasiyana chaizvo saka sutu haina kumboita kuti iite mudare. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare havana kunyatsoziva kuti ndezvipi zvemakambani aya akafuridzirwa avo, maererano nezvakagadzirwa nemagetsi egirazi Arlie Sulka muAntiques Roadshow online feature, asi hapana mubvunzo kuti vose vakanga vachikwikwidzana kwechigadzirwa chegadzirwa regirazi vatengi muzuva ravo.
Zvinonyatsojekesawo kuti Carder ndiye ainyanya kushandiswa pakugadzirwa kwebasa raSteuben rakaremekedzwa. Nhoroondo yake yaisanganisira kudzidza neFrench glass master master Emile Gallé uye kugadzira svondo reChirungu raStevens naWilliams vasati vatamira kuUnited States. Akashanda semukuru wemufananidzo weSteuben kuburikidza na1933 paakabatira.
Panguva yekutonga kwake, akabatsira pakuvandudzika kweimwe yemirasi yakasimbiswa zvikuru yepamusoro uye michina yepamusoro yepamusoro. Steuben zvakajeka haisazobudirira sezvazvaiita pasina ruoko rweKadhiri mubhizinesi.
Kunyangwe mushure mekurega kwake, akaenderera mberi achiedza kugadzirwa kwegirasi achishandiswa yakarasika yakarongwa muhofisi yake ye studio muna 1959 achigadzira zvidimbu zvisingakoshi uye zvinodikanwa zvigadzirwa zvegirazi. Carder akafa muna Corning, New York muna 1963 mushure mekuita basa rakakura uye rakakosha mumhizha yekugadzira girazi.
Kuziva uye Kudanana Nokushandisa Steuben Marks
Yakawanda Steuben girazi yakaratidzwa neimwe nzira vasati vabva mufekitari, kunyange dai yaiva pepa pepaiti yakagadzirirwa mugirazi. Aya mavara emapepa anogona kunge akaenzana, katatu, kana octagonal muchimiro kana awanikwa asina kumira. Ikoko kunowanzove iripo yakakonzerwa (iko chiratidzo chegirasi rinoputika ) kunyange kana pepa repepa rakasakara kana kushambidzwa kupfuura nguva.
Nyaya inowanzozivikanwa, zvisinei, ndeye matte acid fleur-de-lis ne "STEUBEN" yakanyorwa mumabhuku ekuvhara. Rudzi rwechiratidzo rwakashandiswa kubva muna 1903 kusvika muna 1932. Zvimwe zvidimbu zvakaiswa fleur-de-lis ne "CALCITE" kana "STEUBEN" pamwe chete nayo. Munenge muna 1929, matte acid mark yezwi rokuti "STEUBEN" mumabhokisi ekuvhara kana mune script yakashandiswa.
Mushure me1932, diamond-point etching inoshandiswa kugadzira tsamba "S" kana "Steuben."
Zvinyorwa zveAurene zvakanyorwawo ne "AURENE" kana "STEUBEN AURENE" nechitarisiko chakanaka.
"F. Carder" inowanikwawo yakavezwa pane zvimwe zviduku zvisingawanzo uye pane zvinhu zvakauyiswa kwaari kuti zvizivikanwe kubva munenge muna 1903 kusvika muna 1932, maererano naShuman. Zvimwe mumutambo weIntarsia, yaKadhe yaanoda zvikuru kubva muna 1930, ichave nechinyoreso chakanyorwa kuti "Fred'k Carder" pamwe nemarimu pasi. Diatreta zvidimbu KaKaderi akazviitira pachedu zvishoma kubva muna 1945 kusvika muna 1959 (mushure mekunge atiza basa kubva kuna Steuben) akacherechedza "F. Carder" achishandura magirasi anotsvedza pamashandisi anogadziriswa, uye mamwe akaverengwawo zvakare.
Steuben Akasiyana Mitsara
Steuben akatanga uye akarega mitsara kazhinji kugutsa zvidzitiro zvevatengi, saka vamwe vakanga vari mukugadzirwa kwenguva pfupi.
Mamwe emhando dzakawanda dzakanyorwa, maitiro nemishonga ekushongedzerwa anoshandiswa neSububen anosanganisira yakanaka kwazvo mairi Aurene girazi iyo yakaitwa negoridhe, bhuruu, tsvuku, tsvuku uye yakasvibirira; Kubhururuka, izvo zvinonyatsozadzwa nemabhuru maduku; Threading and Reeding; uye Verre de Soie.
Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemhando idzi dzegirazi iri kuverenga Steuben Glass Varired uye Maitiro .