Iridescent Art Glass Dating Kubva kuma1890s
Apo zvinosvika pakugadzirwa kwegirazi rakagadzirirwa zvakanakira zvipfeko, Zvidimbu zvakagadzirwa neLouis Comfort Tiffany 's studios ndezvimwe zvakanakisisa. Icho chiriwo pakati pegorozi rakanyanya kutsvakwa uye rinodhura mumisika yekare.
Muna 1894, Tiffany akanyoresa zita rokuti Favrile uye akatanga kushandiswa nemwoyo wose makore mashoma gare gare. Mamwe magwaro anotaura kuti izwi iri rine fancy rakabviswa kubva muShoko rekare reChirungu rinoshandiswa nemaoko: febrile .
Vamwe vanotaura nezvekugadzira semuti , shoko rechiLatini rinoshandura kune "mhizha." Pasinei nekufuridzirwa kweiyi moniker yakagadzirwa naTiffany, kunyange isati yanyoreswa zvinhu zvakawanda zveFavrile zvakatangwa kuWorld's Columbian Exposition muChicago muna 1893.
Asi Favrile anorevei chaizvoizvo? Zvinyorwa zvichinyorwa, rinotaura nezvegirazi rakagadzirwa nemaoko (uye imwe ivhu rakafanana) yakabudiswa naTiffany, yakawanda yaive yakazara mumamiriro ezvinhu. Iyo inogona kunge yakafanana nemototoni muvara kana kupedzerwa nemafuta ekuti "mafuta" anoguma. Kuonekwa kwechimiro ichi kwakagadzirwa kuburikidza nekupfira shilisi yesimbi inopisa girazi, uye vakanamatira kuti vagadzire kupera kwakanaka.
Kuenda mberi kweiyo, zita rokuti Favrile ndiro rinofananidzirwa rakagadzirwa nemaoko akachengetwa neArt Arts & Crafts pamwe nehutsika-based Art Nouveau influences zvinowanzoratidzwa mumhando dzisina mavara zvegirazi. Semuenzaniso, apo iye asina kutsika chimiro, Tiffany anonzi akatumidza zita rokuti Jack muPulpit mushure mekunge maruva akawana achikura pfuma yake paLong Island kuNew York.
Tiffany Studios akaita mienzaniso yakawanda yeZvivheyi zvezvipukisi mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana munguva yekutanga kwema1900.
Kuzivikanwa kwegirazi iyi kwakaita kuti zviuru zvezvikamu zvigadzirwa kuburikidza na1933. Vatori vazhinji vane mapuranga akadzika vanomanikidza zvikamu izvi pavanouya pamusika nhasi. Inogonawo kuonekwa mumamyuziyamu munyika yose kusanganisira mienzaniso inowanikwa muTiffany yakawanda yeCharles Hosmer Morse Museum yeAmerican Art muWistern Park, Florida.
Kukwikwidza kweGirazi neFavrile
Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti paakaona shanduro yaSubenen kana girasi iridicent, Aurene , iyo Tiffany yaifunga kuti Favrile wake anodikanwa ainyorwa. Akanga akatsamwa kwazvo, akaisa mhosva pamusoro pekambani yaFrederick Carder. Sezvakazoitika, mitsetse yaSteuben yakanga iri itsva. Tiffany akawana kuti nzira yakashandiswa pakugadzira girazi idzva iripo yakasiyana zvikuru kupfuura iyo yakashandiswa kuita Favrile uye sutu haina kumbozara zvizere.
Zvisinei, mushure mokubva Tiffany & Co., Martin Bach, Sr. vakashandisa maitiro akadzidziswa pavanoshanda nekambani yekugadzira girasi, maererano neThe Collector's Encyclopedia yeAmerican Glass Glass naJohn A. Shuman, III. Quezal Art Glass uye Decorating Company yakaita girazi rinopenya mumaruva akajeka akadai sebhuruu, golide, ruvara rwepepuru, uye ruvara. Kunyange zvazvo chirevo chekupedzisa chakanga chakafanana, Quezal yakaisa mamwe maitiro akasiyana uye maitiro mumiganhu yavo.
Loetz Witwe akabudisa girazi rakasvibirira akati rakafuridzirwa naTiffany's Favrile kutanga muma1890. Kutaura zvazviri, ichi chikwata cheAustria chinonyanya kukosha chakaitwa munguva iyi, uye zvakabatsira zvikuru kubudirira kwekambani panguva iyoyo.
Ipaiti yemiti iriredcent Phänomen girazi (yakasiyana-siyana naLoetz yakarongedzwa nemakumbo kana mapfumo ane feather) yakagadzirwa naFranz Hofstätter yakakunda mubayiro mukuru paParis World's Exposition muna 1900 pamwe chete naTiffany.
"Tiffany akawana hurukuro yakajeka mugirazi yeArt Nouveau style. Zvakawanda zvebasa rake raiva mugirazi yakakura zvikuru yakakurumbira kune imwe nyika, kunyanya pakati peEurope apo yakagadzira mafashoni matsva, "maererano neBrananica.com.
Asi mukutendeseka kose, vanyori venhau dzakaitika havana kumbogadzirisa kuti kambani kana mhizha yakatanga kufuridzirwa kugadzira girazi rekushongedza irise (kunyanya kana iri pamusoro pekukakavadzana pakati peTiffany naSuben), maererano neAnquesques Roadshow keruzi nyanzvi yemirazi Arlie Sulka mune imwe nyaya yepaIndaneti . Hapana mubvunzo, zvisinei, ivo vose vaiva mumakwikwi munguva yekupera kwema 1800 vachifamba muzana remakore rechi20 vachiita rudzi rwakakurumbira rwezvinhu.
Kusiyanisa Ichokwadi Yakachena Chigadzirwa
Kutaura nezvekukwikwidzana kwaTiffany kunokosha, kunyanya kana tichitsvaga kuziva nekugadzirisa zvidimbu zvechokwadi zvakasikwa. Hungu, pane dzimwe nguva apo vanhu vakatora girazi risina kuonekwa rakaitwa nemamwe makambani uye vakanyora chigumo cheTiffany pasi pechidimbu.
Zvechokwadi, kana iwe uchiwedzera kuongorora kusiyanisa kubva kumagadziri kuti ave mugadziri, zviri nani iwe unowana pakusiyanisa zvinhu zvechokwadi zveTiffany. Mavara ari mumagumo ekupedzisira aya anowanzosiyana uye zvidimbu zvidimbu zvinowanzowedzerwa mumarara, pamwe negoridhe kuva muenzaniso wakanaka. Maumbirwo anogonawo kunge akafanana, asi pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana kubva kumagadziri kusvika kune akagadzira girasi rekare rekare. Chimbofunga kudzidza Tiffany Favrile Art Glass (Schiffer Books), kana chimwe chimbo chekupa mienzaniso yakawanda yeTiffany kudzidza zvingatarisa muzvidimbu zvechokwadi maererano nemitambo uye mavara.
Kunewo mararamiro akasiyana-siyana ezvinyorwa pazvidimbu zveFavrile , asi nzira iyo yavanyorerwa inowanzotaurira nyaya yezvokwadi. "Zviratidzo zvinokwana 9 kubva pane gumi zvinosungirirwa pasi pedenga rezasi pasi payo. Kana iwe ukashandura chidimbu pamusoro uye wotarisa nheyo, iwe uchaona chikwangwani pasi pepakati pontil ichibva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi. Pane zvisizvo kune umwe neumwe murairo, asi izvi ndizvo zvauchawana pane zvizhinji zvezvidimbu zvakagadzirwa, "maererano neuyu unyanzvi wegirazi Reyne Haynes Hirsch mune imwe nyaya ye Heritage Heritage.
Nemhaka yokuti girazi iyi inorayira mari yakawanda kudaro, kazhinji inosvika muzviuru, unofanirwa kutora zvakanyanya kana uchizvitenga. Kudzidza, bvunza nyanzvi mumunda kana usina mubvunzo, uye utenge kubva kune vatengesi vane ruzivo rwakakwirira pakugadzira girazi chero nguva zvichibvira.
Gara uchikwanisa kusvika pane zvekare zvinyorwa zvemashoko uye dzidza zvakawanda nezvekucherechedza, kukoshesa, nekuunganidza zvekare. Sign up for our FREE About Antiques Newsletter nhasi!