Durand Art Glass

Kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinoratidza Durand Art Glass yakagadzwa naVictor Durand, Sr. kuVineland, New Jersey muna 1924, izvi zvinongova zvokwadi. Paiva nekambani yakabudisa magirazi akaratidza Durand muVineland, asi yakanzi Vineland Flint Glass Works uye yakasvika muna 1897. Victor Durand, Jr. vakashanda nababa vake kuti vawane kambani, iyo yakabudisa makemikari uye yesayenzi girazi mukutanga kwayo makore, maererano neG Wheaton Arts neCultural Center muMillville, NJ

Durands aibva kuBaccarat, France kwavakashandira nyika inozivikanwa naCristalleries de Baccarat vasati vadzokera kuUnited States kuma1900. Vose vaviri vakakudza unyanzvi hwavo kune makirasi akawanda emagalasi muUnited States vasati vasvhura Vineland Flint Glass Works, maererano neTheAntiquarian.com.

Victor Durand, Jr. akazotenga chikamu chababa vake chebhizimisi, uye kambani yakabudirira munguva yekutanga kwema1900 sezvo mabhizinesi ake aidzika. Kutaura zvazviri, Vineland yakaonekwa seimwe yemakambani akabudirira zvikuru munyika panguva iyoyo. Somugumisiro, kurota kwevakiki vekugadzira magirazi egirazi yakagadziridzwa.

Kuti "Fancy Shop" Yakasvika Sei

Durand Art Glass Shop, kupatsanurwa kweVineland Flint Glass Works, yakasimbiswa kunopera 1924 nekubatsirwa naMartin Bach, Jr. uyo akagara nhaka yeQuezal Art Glass uye Decorating Company mazano kubva kuna baba vake.

Zvinosuruvarisa, Quezal akanga ari mukutambudzika mune zvemari apo akatora semutungamiri mukuru akazovhara achibva asiya kuti afunge nezvekupiwa kwaDurand kwebasa.

Mushure mokugamuchira dambudziko rekukwira ichi chigadzirwa chechigadzirwa chetsva, Bach akakurumidza kuunganidza vashandi vakawanda vekare veQuezal kuti vauye naye.

Vose vakaumba izvo zvaizivikanwa zvakapoteredza kambani se "dhizha rakanaka" richigadzira girazi rakanaka rekasa rakapindira maitiro aPazal anozivikanwa zvikuru. Boka harina kumbomira pakutevedzera basa ravo risati rapfuura. Zvigadziriswa zvemuchinjikwa zvakabatanidzwa neClezal nemasimba matsva. Asi kunyange zvazvo dhokwe raive rakagadzirwa pakupedzisira rakagadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana naDurand, maitiro akawanda eQuezal akapera mumagetsi ose ekugadzira.

Zvinonakidza kuona kuti kuparadzanisa girazi reVieland Flint Glass Works harina kumbofungidzirwa kuti rinobatsira. Hazvirevi kuti basa rekuparadzanisa uku harina kuonekwa. Durand girazi rakagamuchira Medal of Honor paSesquicentennial International Kuratidzwa muFiladelphia muna 1926. Asi chaive chaicho chaicho chaVictor Durand nekugadzirwa kwegirazi iro rakachengetedza mabhizimisi ane fancy achienda kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinowedzera mari zvinotengeswa mabhizinesi ake akatengesa. Izvi zvinofadza kufanana naLouis Comfort Tiffany uyo aizivikanwawo kuti anotsigira kambani yekambani yezvigadzirwa nehupfumi hwake panguva iyi.

Victor Durand akawirwa nenjodzi yemotokari muna 1931. Vineland Flint Glass Works akanga achiedza kuungana kwechipiri nebhizimisi rimwe reVineland, Kimble Glass Company, panguva iyoyo.

Kubatanidzwa kwakapedzerwa nechirikadzi yaDurand, uye Kimble akatengesa yakawanda yenguva yaDurand yekugadzira girazi. Iko kambani yakaita girazi regirazi rakajeka rakafanana neyakabudiswa naSteuben , asi pakupera kwegore ra1932 dhizha rakashata rakavharwa uye zvese zvakasara zviyo zvakanzi zvakaputsika uye zvakarashirwa, zvakanyanya kuvhiringidzika nevatori vemazuva ano.

Durand's Colors uye Maitiro

Girazi jena mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana aiwanzoshandiswa naDurand. Yakarondedzerwa se "girazi yamafuta" nevashandi vezvokutengesa, asi kambani iyi yakaitumidza kuti "ambergris." Iri girazi jena raifungidzirwa zvakakosha kuti rive nemhando dzakasiyana mugirazi yekasi. Iyi iridescence yakanzi "luster". Icho chinonzi lusticcent luster, inonzi "Tiffany iridescent" naDurand, yakaitwa nekusanganisa tini chloride ne ferrum chloride nemvura.

Iyo micheka yebhuruu uye yegoridhe yemagumo anoyevedza yakafananawo negirasi yaSteuben yaAurene (ona Mifananidzo iri kumusoro).

Chimwe chezvigadzirwa zvakakura zvakabudiswa naDurand raiva Peacock Feather (ona chinyorwa pamusoro). Izvi zvakagadzirwa neTiffany kutanga uye zvakare zvakaitwa naQuezal. Zvikamu izvi zvakagadzirwa mumaruva maviri akajeka uye opaque. Durand akashandisa izwi rokuti "kupenya" nokuda kwemuvara wakajeka pamhando iyi yakagadzirwa mubhuruu, ruvara uye ruby ​​tsvuku pamwe chete nehizha mune zvishoma zvishoma, kwete kuti zvivhiringidze nevatori vanorevei se " kupenya-on " mutema nhasi.

Kutanga muna 1925, Peacock Feather zvikamu zvakagadzirwa mu "girasi" girazi zvakare. Zvikamu izvi zvakagadzirwa nekuisa magirasi emirasi uye ndokucheka mavara (s) mavara kuti aratidze girazi rakajeka pasi. Iyi nzira inowanzonzi "kucheka kuchenesa" nevatori nhasi. Durand, zvisinei, yakanyora chimiro ichi se "Cased Glass" uye yakabudisa nzira iyi mumaitiro akawanda uye mavara.

Mambo Tut akanga ari mumwe mukurumbira wainzi Durand akaitwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Iyi nzira yekutinhira inogonawo kuendeswa kuna Tiffany, uye yakaitwa naQuezal zvakare. Zvikamu izvi zvakaitwa mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana nemuchero wekutsvaga.

Crackle Glass yaDurand yakagadzirwa mumatanho maviri apo girasi inopisa yakanga yakafukidzwa nematanda egirazi yakatsvuka ndokubva yakanyura mumvura inotonhorera kuitira kuti humwe hutete humwe huve huchaputika. Girazi yacho yakashandurwa zvakare uye inoputirwa muchigadzirwa kuti ichigadzirire. Mamwe mazita akasiyana-siyana akashandiswa kurondedzera kukonzerwa kwemavara akabatanidzwa nekuguma kwakanyanya kusanganisira Mutual, Moorish, uye Egypt. Crystal Crackle yakaitwawo nemucheka wakaiswa pamusoro pechigadziko chakajeka chakafanana nekaSuben's threading pattern.

Cameo uye acid-cut-back-pieces were also made by Durand, asi zvishoma. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai sezvakasimba uye zvisingadziviriki Bhobho Balls zvakagadzirwa semarambi asi zvakagadziriswa kuve sepapweweights. Zvimwe marambi ane zvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakagadzirirwawo girazi mufekitari, uye kuenzanisa shades yakagadzirwa nemucheka kana chifukidzo yakatumirwa kuti iende.

Miti yakawanda yakanyanya kuora nekufamba kwenguva ichiita kuti mwenje yakakwana yakaoma kuwana.

Kuziva Durand Art Glass

Mipande yakawanda yeDurand yakanga isina kunyorwa, kunyanya zvinhu zvokutanga. Vakanga vakanyorwa nematarenda esirivha uye mapepa, ayo aiwanzoputika kupfuura nguva achisiya zvidimbu zvisingaratidziki nhasi. Zvidimbu zvikuru zvakaputika pontils kunyange kana chiratidzo chisipo. Zvikamu izvi zvinonzwisiswa nemafungiro, mavara uye kurongedza, kusanganisira iripocent ambergris mukati mekupedzisira yemafuta opaque nemasasa.

Zvimedu zvakapfuura zvakaratidzwa nenzira dzakawanda. Vamwe vaiva neruoko rwakanyatsoratidzwa kuverengerwa kuverenga chete "Durand." Dzimwe nguva chiratidzo chaifambidzana ne "V" huru uye nhamba dzinoratidza chimiro chemufananidzo uye kukwirira kwechidimbu. Zvizhinji zvezvinyorwa izvi zvakavezwa zvakatevedzerwa ne penisiti yechipumeni ichipa tsamba yekuita sirivha.