Vaumbi veAmerica vakaumba zvizvarwa nemabasa avo
Peter Voulkos
Akaberekwa musi waJanuary 29th 1924 muBozeman, Montana, wakanga uine uremu hweAmerican / Greek potter, Peter Voulkos 'anoshanda neNew York Times akanyora kuti' vashoma vanyori vakashandura chimiro sechinhu chisina kupiwa kana kuti saMnu Voulkos '. Basa rake rinofadza rakapfuura makore makumi mashanu uye aive nesimba guru mu 'ceramics revolution yema19s' (inozivikanwawo se'American clay revolution ').
Kunyanya, akanga ari muvezi ari kushanda pazvinhu zvinoshamisa zvakasununguka zvakasununguka zviyero zvakadzingwa mumagetsi uye negasi kilns. Akasvibisa mitsetse pakati pekerubhi uye unyanzvi hwakanaka uye aive akakurumbira nekupenya zvidimbu zvaro nekutsvaira kwemavara. Iye aivewo anozivikanwa nekushandisa nzira yeax inopesana mukugadzira kwake michina. Akashamiswa nekumabvazuva, akazotamira kushandiswa nevanagama kiln. An anagama kiln ndeyekare yekoto yeJapan inopisa mune imwe kamuri ine bhokisi rinopisa moto mukati maro uye ine mugwagwa mukuru wekutsiva kwemazhenje uye kumira. Akanga ari mumwe wevashandi vekutanga kuti vauye netsika iyi yekutsvaga kubva kumabvazuva kuenda kuAmerica. Munguva yebasa rake Peter akatanga dhipatimendi reCeramics kuOtis College yeArt and Design uye University of California, Berkeley uye akafuridzirwa nevevanyori vose vaakagadzirisa mubasa iri kubva kuna Robert Rauschenberg kuna John Cage naWillem de Kooning kuna Franz Kline.
Peter akafa muna 2002 uye basa rake rinogona kuonekwa kwose kwose kubva kuVictoria naAlbert Museum muLondon kuenda ku Smithsonian Institution muWashington DC.
Vivika naOtto Heino
Murume nemudzimai wechipiri Vivika naOtto Heino vakaunganidza pamwe chete kwemakore anopfuura makumi matatu uye ivo vaizivikanwa nekungopinda basa ravo seVivika + Otto, zvisinei kuti ndiani wavo akazviita.
Vose vari vaviri vaibva kuFinnish uye vakasangana pavanodzidza makeramics muNew Hampshire (Vivika akanga ari Otto's ceramics tutor). Kufarira kwaOtto mumakeramiki kwakatanga mushure mekunge akatarisa muumbi weBernard Leach ari kushanda mu studio yake muUnited States. Vaviri vakashanda pamwe chete pamabasa avo kusvikira Vivika afa muna 1995 uye kuda kwavo mukurumbira, uyewo kuva mudzidzisi wepamusoro uye kuita 'zvidimbu zvemoyo uye zvinokonzera' ndezvokuti 'vakashandura vakarasika-ne-va-Chinese glaze ' ( izvo zvisiri izvo hazvina kumbobvira zvichitengesa kamukira ye). Basa ravo raive rakasiyana zvakasiyana, vachishandiswa zvikuru magasi akatukwa aive neScandinavian flair yemazuva ano, achimunamatira kune nhaka yavo, zvichida. Vivika akapfuurira kudzidzisa muhupenyu hwake hwose uye mumakore ose avo vaviri vakaburitsa zviuru zvezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kubva muumbi yavo yebumbi, The Pottery muLos Angeles.
Maria Martinez
Maria Martinez akatanga kudzidza kudzidza michina yemakeramic semwana muduku muRio Grande Valley yeNew Mexico. Akadzidziswa nainini vake, Maria akave ari pamusoro pemakore akawanda aine ruzivo rwekuita kwake kwevhu rakaoma. Uye ndeyebasa rake remazuva ose muhari yakasviba iyo yakagadzirisa kukurudzira kunobva kune dzimwe nyika, se'umwe wevanhu vanozivikanwa zvikuru vevashandi vemunyika yose, 'akange akakoka kuVhite House nevakuru vatatu vakasiyana.
Zvakataurwa kuti Maria akasika 'dema pane nzira yakasviba' uye akachengetedza tsika dzekambamisi muguta rekumusha kwake, iro rakanga ratanga kuderera, zvichipiwa kuti vanhu vainge vatora kunotenga zvigadzirwa zvidhura zvekushandisa senzira panzvimbo yemakeramic. Akaona nzira yakanakisisa yekuita kuti ivhu rayo rive "kuputira moto unotonhora nemiriwo yakaoma yakasungira utsi uye zvino kushandisa imwe yepepa yepamusoro pane yakatsvuka ". Kubatanidzwa kwezvinhu izvi zviviri: utsi hwakatakurwa uye kutonhora kwakadzika mumoto, zvaireva kuti 'tsvuku yevhu yevhu yakashanduka dema'. Basa raMaria rakaendeswa mberi muupenyu huri mberi nekubatana kwakanakisisa pamwe nekugadzira murume wake Julian, akanyora maitiro ake akanaka emu ceramic uye akaunza zvipfeko zvakavezwa muupenyu. Basa ravo rakasiyana nedzimwe rakagadzirwa nekerubamic rakaunza mukurumbira kune vakaroorana uyewo kuguta ravo rokumusha.