Denga rakanaka rakachena denga rakaumbwa nekubatanidzwa kweceramic elements. Pane imwe chinhu, kunyange zvakadaro, iyo yose inenge yakazara yakawanda inowirirana, uye iyo ndiyo ivhu revhu rinonzi kaolin . Kaolin ine zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvesimbi zvakadai sealkali metal uye aluminium, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogadzirisa zvipfeko kubva kune dzimwe dzose dzevhu, kusanganisira iyo iyo yakachena yakajeka muvara uye inenge yakasviba, pamwe, yakaoma kwazvo.
Pirazi inozivikanwa kuti ine 'unamato wakafanana'. Zvakasiyana zvachose nekushanda pamwe, kunzwa zvakasununguka mukugadzirwa . Kuchena kwaro kwakachena kunoreva kana iwe uri kushanda nayo, unofanirwa kuchenjerera kuchengeta nzvimbo dzako dzose dzakachena kwazvo. Inenge moto inopisa pamhepo yakanyanya kutonhora, inenge yakareba 2, 252 F (1,400 C). Nzvimbo yakagadzirwa nehuni inowanikwawo maivreous kana ichibhururuka, zvinoreva kuti inokurudzira chinenge chechirasi-yakafanana.
Ndechipi musiyano pakati pekanda uye china?
Denga rakapetwa uye rakanaka china rine zvakawanda zvakafanana - zvose zviri poreous uye vitreous - asi ndiyo inotyisa inoita kuti ive yakasiyana. Moto unopisa pamhepo inotonhorera, uye china yakaisvonaka inonyanya kuiswa mumoto uye moto mumhepo yakadziya yakadzika, inenge 2192 F (1,200 C). Nzvimbo yakagadzirwa nehuni inowedzerawo. Bhata china rakasiyana zvachose uye rinowanzogadzirwa kubva pasi pfupa bone iyo yakasanganiswa nebhokisi yevhu yevhu (a sedimentary ivhu ine kaolin) kana kaolin pachayo.
Ndeipi paiva nepandaini yakatanga kuwanikwa?
Iyo yevhu inonzi inodarika makore maviri, uye imwe yehupupuri hwekutanga hwezvipande zvemukati dzakatorwa kumashure kweEastern Han Dynasty muChina. Panguva ino, Celadon, China yakakurumbira jade yegirini glaze yaiwanzowanikwa paimba yevhu, yakakurumbira zvikuru.
Kutevera Dhamasiko yeEastern Han (25 - 220 AD) yaiva Dzinza reTang (618 - 907 AD) uye kuwedzera mukuzivikanwa mune unyanzvi hwekudhawa kwewaini. Zvigadzirwa zvemakeramiki zvinosanganisira tupups zvakapoteredzwa kumativi ose kumaodzanyemba kweSirik Road, iyo yakabva kuXian uye zvichikwira neHexi Corridor. Imwe yenzvimbo dzeChina dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa pakugadzirwa kwepurasheni yaiva Province reJiangxi, nemhaka yehupfumi hwayo hwe kaolin. Kaolin akawana zita racho kubva pano, uye rinoshandura se "tall hill".
Ko ganda rakashandiswa sei pakutanga?
Sekushandiswa kushandiswa kwema teacups muTang Dynasty, mahwendefa aishandiswa zvakajairika muvhu. Imwe shandiswa yakakura yekugadzira mapurisa yaiva yekuumba zvifananidzo zvakanaka. Zvinhu Zvakasikwa Nyika yakanyora kuti 'China yakanyatsochengetedza nzvimbo yekugadzirira kuEurope, Asia, neAfrica', asi izvi zvose zvakachinja apo vaDutch 'vakatora chikepe chePutukezi chiri kutakura zvinhu zvine zviuru zvezvikamu zvevhu.' Vakadzosa zvidimbu zvakare kuEurope uye zvakatengeswa muzvitoro. Yakanga iri kubva pane izvi zvakawanikwa kuti vekuEurope vakatanga kuedza kuzvigadzira ivo pachavo , sezvo ivhu rakanga risingawani nyore nyore kunze kweAsia. Yakanga iri muFrench physicist Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus uyo akazoiputsira muna 1704. Kwemakore mazhinji porcelain yakanga ichiri kuwanikwa uye yakakosha zvikuru.
Yakanga isina kusvika muna 1771, apo bhuku rinonzi L'art de la Porcelaine rakabudiswa, kuti chakavanzika chakanga chakanaka uye chaicho zvechokwadi. Zvivako zvepurazi zvakabva zvamira muEurope yose, kusanganisira iyo inonzi Famous Meissen muGermany, iyo ichiripo yakazaruka kusvikira nhasi.
Ndezvipi zvidimbu zvipfeko zvinowanzoshandiswa?
Mazuva ano, porcelain inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, kunyange ichichiri nechimwe chinhu chaicho chaicho pamusoro payo, sezvo nhoroondo yayo yakafuma inoratidza. Iro kurota kushandiswa kwekramicist, sezvo migumisiro yaro inogona kuva yakanaka kwazvo uye yakaoma uye yakasiyana-siyana. Iyo inobatawo glaze nenzira yakasiyana kwazvo uye inogona kutarisa chaizvo ethereal. Inowanzoshandiswa mumatafura, zvishongo, uye matani. Tichifunga kuti ihwowo hwakaoma zvikuru pane zvekutengeserana , inowanzoshandiswa kumashandiro e laboratori uye kushandiswa kwemagetsi. Pirazi inoshandiswawo kune porcelain enamel yezvinhu zvekumba zvakadai sebhati.