Imwe hovha yakavharidzirwa ndeipi chero motokari yemotokari ine denga rakazara uye unloading bays, kana hoppers, pamucheto wemotokari. Kazhinji idzi motokari dzinoshandiswa kutumira zvinhu zvakawanda zvinotakura granular. Zvigadzirwa zvezvirimwa, plastiki, munyu, akaoma makemikari uye simenti zvose zvinowanzodiwa.
Mazuva ano, hoppers yakavharwa ndeimwe yematokari yemotokari yakawanda pairi rairi. Asi ivo ndeimwe yevamwe vaduku vanowanzo. Pasinei nekushandiswa kwakawanda kwemahombekodhi akazaruka kwemalahle uye mineral service kutanga mumakore ekuma1880 nema1890, zvivharo zvakavharwa zvakange zvisingawanzofi kusvikira kuma1930. Iko motokari huru dzatinoona dzakawanda nhasi dzisina kusvika kusvika kuma1960.
Kusati nguva ino, mitoro yakafanana nezviyo uye simenti zvakatumirwa mumabhokisi emabhogi mumabhegi kana kuwanda. Nokuda kwezvinhu zvakawanda, mabhokisi emabhokisi aiva nepamusoro-soro ekukandira zvipfeko uye masuo anokosha. Kunyange zvazvo kudzikinura kwainge kwava nguva yakawanda, iyo yakasunungura motokari kuti ishumire nedzimwe mitoro - yakadai sepanguva ye-off-peak grain season.
Zvinyorwa zvinoputika zvinouya mumhando dzakawanda uye hukuru. Matoro akaremara uye akawandisa anowanzokwira mumotokari maduku. Sement service service motokari zvinowanzoita mamita makumi matatu pakureba, asi mapurasitiki epurasitiki anowanzofamba mumotokari makumi matanhatu.
Kana yako motokari yemigwagwa yakagadzirirwa chero nguva kubva kuma1930 kusvika nhasi, iwe unoda zvimwe zvimwe zveizvi motokari dzakasiyana pamasangano ako. Heano mamwe maitiro ekuongorora, kuenzanisira mazano nemifananidzo yekufananidza kukubatsira kusarudza magetsi akakodzera ezvigadziro zvako, unoita kuti zvive zvakarurama uye unozviisa mumabasa akakodzera kwezvikamu zvako zvekushanda .
01 ye 05
Pennsylvania H30 Covered Hopper
Tsamba yekunyora pamakumbo ose maviri akatengwa yaive yakasimba uye yakasimba. © 2013 Ryan C Kunkle, ane mvumo kune About.com, Inc. IPennsylvania's H30 yaiva imwe yezvokutanga zvakavharwa hopper mazano. Kunyange zvazvo yakasiyana nePennsy, motokari idzi dzaigona kuwanikwa munyika yose. Mukushumira kubva kuma1930 kusvika kuma1960, motokari dzakawanda dzinoramba dzichigadziriswa sedzimba dzekuchengetedza mhepo kana kuchengetwa mumamyuziyamu. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekunze zvinotsigira zvinokonesa mota idzi kuti dzive nyore uye dzinofanirwa kunge dziine yewaini uye diesel era modelers.
02 of 05
PS-4750
Tangent's PS4750 inoshamisa tsanangudzo dzinoshamisa, dzakanaka uye dzakavimbika. © 2015 Ryan C Kunkle, ane mvumo kune About.com, Inc. Pullman Standard PS-4750 ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakawanda dzinowanikwa dzakavharwa nguva dzose. Zviuru zvakavakwa muma1970 nekuda kwekutakura mitoro yakasiyana-siyana-kunyanya zvekurima. Mazhinji emotokari aya aive nemirairo yakajeka ye "billboard" mumakore ekuma1970. Mazana achiri kushanda mu 2010s.
Izvi ndezvimwe zvezvinyorwa zvinowanzogadziriswa zvakaputika, uye ine zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvinowanika mune dzakawanda zvezvikwata zvakakurumbira. Pano pane mhinduro dzevatungamiri vaviri vakakurumbira mu HO: Accurail's PS-4750 isa iri nyore uye isingadhuri asi yakanyatsogadziriswa kateti - yakakwana kune avo vanofarira purojekiti yakajeka uye vachienzanisa. Tangent's PS-4750 inonyatsotsanangurwa nemhando dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana dzinomiririrwa zvakarurama - kukosha kukuru kweavo vanoda mukana wepamusoro.
03 of 05
Dry-Flo Hopper
Tangent yakabata kutarisa kwakasiyana-siyana kweDry-Flo hopper mu HO Scale. The Conrail model inomiririra yekare Pennsylvania Railroad motokari. © 2014 Ryan C Kunkle, ane mvumo kune About.com, Inc. Rimwe rinotungamirirwa nemotokari dzakamanikidzwa dzakaonekwa mazuva ano nhasi, Dry-Flow yakashandisa mhepo yakamanikidzwa kubatsira kuputsa mutoro uye kuimanikidza kunze kwemotokari. Izvi zvakagadzirisa kudhura nokukurumidza zvakakwana. Sezvo mhepo yakapiwa ne compressor pakusunungura nzvimbo, zvigadzirwa zvakawedzerwa zvakawedzera zvishoma kunyanya kurema kwemotokari.
Iine maitiro ayo akaenzana uye akasiyana-siyana ekudzikinura mabhazi, motokari idzi dzaive kutanga kubva "zvakasviba" zvakavharwa hopper maumbirwo.
04 of 05
Pressurized Cars - The PD-3000
Kubva pakagadzirwa kwayo kwakasimba, kusvika kune tsvina uye yakajeka maikrasi kutarira kunyange zviduku zvishoma, Spring Mills PD-3000 ndeimwe yemhando dzakanakisisa dzaunogona kuwana nhasi. © 2014 Ryan C Kunkle, ane mvumo kune About.com, Inc. Mumakore ose aya, hoppers yakavharidzirwa yave yakashanduka mumotokari chaiyo. Kubatsira pakununura zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaoma, motokari dzave dzakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Motokari dzakamanikidzwa dzinoshandisa mweya yakamanikidzwa kuti ibatsire kutakura mitoro kubva mumvura inopisa mumasuo emusoro.
PD-3000 kubva kuNorth American Car ndeimwe yezvigadzirwa. Aya madiki emotokari emagetsi anowanzowanikwa mu samente, mumhangura, kana zvimwe zvakanyanyisa basa rekushandisa. Motokari dzekugadzirisa iyi dzakange dzakapoteredza kubva kuma1960 kusvika nhasi.
Spring Mills Depot's HO mienzaniso yakawanda ndeimwe yemhando yakanyatsoiswa yakachengetedzwa yehapper inowanikwa nemashoko akawanda akashandiswa nemugwagwa uye nhamba - kusvika pasi kuhuwandu hwemvere inoratidzika mumuviri!
05 of 05
Tungamirirwa neChipupuriro HopperIyo yakagadzirwa muenzaniso ichiri kuchengetedza nhaka yepakutanga yemotokari yeBBC & Q, asi zvino inoratidza zera rayo nenzira dzakawanda kupfuura imwe. © 2011 Ryan C Kunkle, ane mvumo kune About.com, Inc. Sezvakangoita sezvavari nhasi, hakuna mairi maviri akafukidzwa akafanana zvakafanana. Nzira dzakaratidzwa muchino nhanho nhanho iri nyore dzichatibatsira kuita kunyange muenzaniso usina mari unosvika paupenyu sechinhu chakasiyana. Ona kuti zviri nyore sei kutora kutarisa kwezvitsva zvemazuva ano zvakagadziriswa pane zvawakarongeka!