Pakutanga kwemazana nemazana nemazana nemazana makumi maviri nemazana ezviuru zvemaoko ane zvigadzirwa zvemaoko uye zvigadzirwa zvezoro
William Morris haana kufarira chigumisiro cheUniversity Revolution zvokuti akaita kuti sangano rose rizvidzivirire. Kunyora Art of the People muna 1879, shoko rebhuku racho rakafambisa mberi Arts and Crafts mberi mberi. Akanyora, "... yakagadzirwa nevanhu, uye kuvanhu, semufaro kune unoita uye nemushandisi."
Zvinoshamisa kuti, bhizinesi rake rakagadzirwa muna 1861 - Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. - vakaita zvinhu zvakashongedzwa nemaoko zvakakosha zvikuru kune vazhinji ve "vanhu" kuzotenga, maererano neAntiques 101 naFrank Farmer Loomis IV.
Zvinhu izvi zvepamusoro zvehutano hwakanaka zvinosanganisira mapepa nemicheka.
Muna 1865, makore mazhinji asati agadzira bhuku rakataurwa pamusoro apa, Morris akatanga shanduro yekutanga yekudzoka, iyo yakaratidza mitsetse uye chikwama chechikwata chinosanganiswa neveSmart furniture yakagadzirwa muAmerica iyo yakanyatsofuridzirwa neArt Arts and Crafts. Yeuka kuti "chigaro cheMorris" nemichina yakajeka yakatangwa panguva iyo Rococo Revival nemamwe maitiro e-Victorian madiki-fancy aiva nehasha dzose, uye kupesana kukuru kunowedzera kuisa pfungwa.
Zvinoshamisikawo kuti kuchena kweChitubu chaMorris kwakatungamirira kuhuwandu huchigadzirwa nenzira iyo muvakisi wayo asina kufarira. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuzivikanwa kwetsika iyi yakagadzikana kwakaita kuti hutungamiri hweArt Arts and Crafts huvepo kuvanhu vazhinji, uye akafuridzira vamwe vashandi kuti vatevere mutungamiri wake. Art Nouveau, the Aesthetic Movement, uye Craftsman / Mission zvinyorwa zvose zvinoratidzirwa neArt Arts and Crafts, chaizvoizvo.
Mamwe mazita ane simba mubato reBritain aiva Charles Robert Ashbee naCharles Francis Annesley Voysey.
Ashbee, maererano naVictoria naAlbert Museum, "yakagadzira zvikamu zvizhinji zvinokosha zvezvishongo uye chevhavhavhavhavha yeGuild of Handicraft, iyo yaakasimbisa muna 1888 muEast End yeLondon.
Basa reGuild rinowanikwa munzvimbo yakajeka yesirivha yakanyungudzwa, inoyerera mashizha uye mabwe machena muzvigadziriro zvisinganzwisisiki. "
Ansley aive "akashandura zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye akagadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvemapuranga, machira, matani, keramiki, firimu nemashizha. Zvimwe zvemaitiro ake zvakashandiswa pane zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Voysey aive netsika yepakutanga iyo yakabatana nyore nyore nekunakisisa. Akazova kunyanya mukurumbira pamapuranga ake uye mavara emucheka ane mavara ane shiri uye michero yemichero nemashoko akashinga uye mavara akazara. "
Arts & Crafts in America
Gustav Stickley , Elbert Hubbard , naCharles Limbert vane mazita anoverengeka anonyanya kuzivikanwa paanouya neMishinari style furniture (tsvaga pazita rimwe nerimwe kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro pavo). Mabhizimisi anotungamirirwa nevarume ava akaitawo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushongedza zvishandiswa kusanganisira mwenje. Community Hubbard's Roycroft inonyanya kuzivikanwa nezvezvinhu zvayo zvemhangura, uye izvi zvinonzi ndezvokutengeswa nhasi. Dzimwe nyanzvi munyika yose yakaita fesheni nenzira iyi zvakare.
Asi Shanduko neZvivako hazvina kumira neimba yeimba uye chiedza. Vamwe vakakurudzirwa kutevera kana kuramba vachiita zvigadzirwa zvavo panguva ino, kusanganisira Louis Comfort Tiffany .
Makambani ePobotori akaita Rookwood uye Grueby ruoko rwakakanda uye rakashongedza muumbi weArt Nouveau mitambo. Chinhu chose kubva pamucheka kusvika kune zvishongo zvakaitwa nemaoko panguva ino.
Asi sezvikwata zvepamusoro zvakagadzirwa nemaoko nhasi, zvinhu izvi zvinowanzouya nemutengo. Imwe chete Grueby vase inotengeswa ne $ 50 kumashure kwekutanga kwema1900, iyo yakaenzana nemadhora anopfuura $ 1,100 nhasi. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakafanana izvo zvakatengeswa nemari yakawanda shure apo vakanga vari vatsva vachiri kutengesa mitengo yakakwirira munzvimbo yepamusika yechipiri nhasi.
Unhu hweZvibudi & Crafts Style
"Kuchengetedza nekusimbisa huri hwemhando yezvinhu zvakashandiswa kugadzira zvinhu ndeimwe yemitemo inonyanya kukosha yeArtwork and Crafts style," maererano naVictoria naAlbert Museum muGreat Britain. Imamziyamu inotsanangurazve iyi se "chokwadi mune zvigadzirwa" uye inotaurawo simba reGothic Revival style ushingi muvara uye fomu.
Apo kujekesa zvikwangwani zveAradio & Crafts, kutarisa chimiro chetsika kunobatsira sezvo Art Nouveau, Aesthetic Movement, uye Mission / chimiro chekugadzira chinowira munguva ino yekushongedza simba.
Semuenzaniso, midziyo yemapuranga kubva kuAesthetic Movement dzimwe nguva inoratidzwa nekushongedza gilt uye yakashongedzwa nehuto kutendeuka, asi Shanduro yekushongedza ichave yakanyatsorongedzwa uye yakanyanya nyore nemakona emakona. Curve zvishoma uye zvisingagoneki muChipi & Crafts zvidimbu. Uye chero maruva emaruva, sezvakave akavezwa muzvigaro zvepamusoro zvigaro, semuenzaniso, kazhinji kazhinji akajeka.
Ceramic arts, zvishongo, zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshongedza zvakaitwa panguva iyi zvinowanzova neArtual Art Nouveau flair yakajeka inosanganisira zvinhu zvakasikwa zvakasikwa semaruva, mashizha, mhuka, uye zvipembenene. Zvishandiso kubva panguva iyi zvinowanzobatanidza kuyerera, kufamba-famba mitemo nekubatanidza maitiro nemaitiro ezvisikwa.