Mhemberero Pamunhu Uye Neruzivo Kuziva Sei Stickley Simba
Gustav Stickley (1858? -1942) waiva muAmerican furniture furniture, architect uye muparidzi. Achishandisa maumbirwo uye zvinyorwa, akazova mutungamiri anotungamira weBhizinesi neMagetsi , ayo akabudirira muUnited States kumativi ekutanga kwezana remakore rechi20.
Kubva mune rimwe divi reSyrause, New York, kambani ya Stickley yakagadzira fenicha, zvishandisi uye zvigadzirwa kubva muna 1900 kusvika muna 1916. Kunyange zvazvo Stickley achidaidza chimiro chake cheMigetsi, inowanzonzi Mission kana Mission Oak .
Izwi rokuti "mission" rinoreva kuCalifornia mahofisi eSpanish - chimwe chekuti Stickley yakagadziriswa - asi inoratidzawo chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zve Stickley: kuti fenicha dzose dzinozadzisa chinangwa, kana basa.
Kubudisa Mashoko Aaiparidza
Stickley anotenda fesheni inofanirwa kuva inonzwisisika - iyo, yakagadzirwa zvakanaka, yakasununguka uye inoshanda. Akanga achida kuti rive rakakosha zvakare, asi rakakakavara kuti kukwezva kwaro kunofanira kubva kune chimiro chinopindirana uye zvigadzirwa zvehutano, panzvimbo yezvinhu zvisingaverengeki, zvinyorwa zvekushongedza. Chinangwa chekugadzirwa kwakanaka (uye, chaizvoizvo, cheShoko rose neChitubu neCancer) chaiva "kuisa mararamiro ekunakidza kwehumbozha hwehutengo; kudzidzisa kuti runako harurevi kutaridzika kana kupfekedzwa; kushandiswa chete iyo mafomu uye zvigadzirwa zvinoita kuti zvive nyore, mumwe nomumwe uye chiremera chekuita, "akanyora mubhuku rekutanga remagazini yake The Craftsman .
Yakanga iri kuburikidza neChiftsman , iyo yakamhanya kubva muna 1901 kusvika muna 1916, iyo Stickley yakasimudzira mazano ake.
Pamusoro pezvinyorwa pamusoro pevamwe veBhizimisi neChina nevanomumirira uye vakagadziri, saJohn Ruskin naWilliam Morris, avo vaMuongorori weMorris vakatumidzwa zita racho, iyo magazini yakabudisa zvirongwa zvinoratidza vaverengi kuti vangagadzira sei pfuma yavo, zvishandiso zvekugadzira, uye kunyange dzimba - iri nyore, ine ndege - kana nhurikidzwa mbiri, yakavakwa maererano nemamiriro avo ezvinhu, uye zvichida zvezvinhu zvekugara.
Neurongwa hwavo hwakazaruka, hwakazara-pasi, dzimba idzi dzakanzi "bungalows," chimiro chinoramba chichizivikanwa nhasi.
Zvimwe zveMhizha Simba
Kusimbisa mitsara yakachena, mitsetse, Stickley zvidimbu zvinoratidza chimiro chakasimba, chimiro. Oki yaiva huni yakasarudzwa, yakasviba nemafuta emuammonia kuti aonekwe akwegura kana kuti kusimbisa zviyo zvepanyama. Chigaro cushions chakanga chakagadzirwa neganda uye chando. Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji kakawanda kwazvo, midziyo yacho yakajeka, yakaenzana uye yakasununguka kumashure uye kumativi kunodzivisa kuti irege kuonekwa sechisimba.
Kunze kubva pane dzimwe nguva zvigadzirwa zvendarira, Chigadzirwa chemhizha inowanzova isina chishongo. Zvisinei, zvishoma kubva muna 1903-04 zvakashongedzwa nesimbi isina kuchena kana chiedza-wood inlays (chengeta paMamwe Mifananidzo kuti uone mufananidzo). Aya ndiwo basa raHarvey Ellis, muumbi wezvigadziri akashanda na Stickley, kunyora zvese fenicha uye zvigadziro zveimba. Akafa muna 1904, asi maitiro ake akaenderera mberi kukurudzira Muchengetedzi.
Kunyange zvazvo fikiti yeStickley yakanga yakagadzirwa nemagetsi, yaiva nemhepo yakagadzirwa nemaoko - iyo yakagadziriswa kuburikidza nekusimbisa tsanangudzo dzekuvaka kwayo: maziso anoonekwa (magumo emapuranga), zvinyorwa zvakajeka uye kushandiswa kwepini uye mapegi - zvisina zvipikiri kana glue - se fasteners.
Aya maitiro, mazhinji ayo akanyorwa kumashure kwemazana emakore, akapira firati yezvigadzirwa zvepamhizha, pre-Industrial Revolution kutarisa. Asi chigadzirwa chayo chemafekitari chakaita kuti chiwedzere kudarika chero chero basa rakagadzirwa nemaoko rinogona kuva.
Kwemakore anoverengeka, Chigadzirwa chemichina chakakurumbira zvikuru - chakakurumbira zvokuti chakaita mitevedzo yakawanda uye kugogodza kusagamuchirwa. Mukuedza kuzvidzora nekupfuurira mberi nemakwikwi, Stickley (haana kumboita bhizimisi bhizimisi) overextended mabasa ake. Akaita saizvozvo sezvo sangano reBeats and Crafts rakatanga kuonekwa semashoko ekare, uye vanhu vose vakatanga kutamira kune "maziso", akadai seKurombo Rokudzoka. Stickley akaziviswa kubhadhara muna 1915, achivhara mabhizinesi ake ose uye magazini yake gore rakatevera - akabatwa kubudirira kwake, mupfungwa.
Makore ekuma1980, zvisinei, akaona kufarira patsva muTymanman uye Mission fenisha.
Stickley mavambo akatanga kutora mitengo yakakwirira pamushamba, uye vashandi vemazuva ano vakatanga kutanga zvikamu zveMission- uye Stickley-zvakafuridzirwa.
Kuziva Stickley Antiques
Sezvo kambani ya Stickley yakashanda kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri, yakasikwa inoshanda mumamiriro akanaka haisi nyore. Zvidimbu zvechokwadi zvinogona kuzivikanwa nehupfumi kana marikari ane Stickley's shopmark, kambasi yekubatanidza nemashoko okuti "Als ik Kan" (zvinoreva kuti "kana ini ndinogona"), uye kusayina kwake. Pamapepa emapepa, zita rekambani rinowanzooneka zvakare: pakutanga Gustav Stickley Company, uye United Union, uye pakupedzisira Craftsman Workshops, Eastwood, New York.
Gustav Stickley's Craftsman furniture haafaniri kuvhiringidzwa nezvidimbu zvakaratidzwa L & JG Stickley . Idzi dzaiva naLeopold naJohn George, vaviri vehama dzaTocckley , avo vakashanda pfineji yavo panguva imwechete, kunze kweFayetteville, New York. Basa ravo rakanyatsofanana neG Gustav, uye rinokosha pariri, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nyanzvi dzichifunga kuti iri rechipiri kune yakakurumbira hama dzayo dzakakurumbira.
Mushure mokunge Stickley akanganisa, hama idzi mbiri dzakatenga fekitari yake, pakupedzisira kushandura zita ravo rakasimba ku Stickley Manufacturing Company. Muna 1974, kambani iyi yakawanikwa neEJ Audi, mumwe wevatengesi vayo. Pasi pezita rokuti Stickley, Audi & Co. uyu anogadzira / mutengesi anogadzira uye anopa zvigadziriro zvemazuva ano zve Stickley's mazano nhasi.
Nzvimbo dzose dze Stickley fenisha dziri kuratidzwa paFannerman Farms, yekare yaimbova yemusha muCentry of Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey, iyo yakashandurwa kuva museum (kune mamwe mashoko: www.stickleymuseum.org).
Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro peBhizimusi & Crafts movement kuverenga Charles Limbert's Arts & Crafts Furniture uye Elbert Hubbard neRoycroft Community .