Mhemberero pamusoro peKutanga Kwekutanga kweUnited States Yakatangwa neMukadzi
Rookwood Pottery inozivikanwa nekuve nevakadzi vazhinji vanyori vevashandi pavanoshandisa nguva yakareba yeupenyu hwavo. Asi iyo inewo musiyano wekuva kambani yekutanga yekuumba muUnited States yakatangwa nevakadzi.
Maria Longworth Nichols akatanga Rookwood Pottery muCincinnati, Ohio muna 1880. Akasarudza kusarudza zita rekambani mushure mekucherechedza mahombe mazhinji, anozivikanwawo sehombodo, paimba yababa vake uye akawedzera "matanda" mukucherechedza Wedgwood, maererano neWarman's Antiques & Collectibles yakagadzirirwa naNowa Fleisher.
Muna 1883, mushure mokubudirira kukuru kuwana mishonga yebasa rekambani, iri paMuenzaniso weAmerican Art Industry muPhiladelphia uye neChiratidzo Universelle muParis, Nichols akatamisa chido chake kune kambani kuna William W. Taylor. Taylor akashanda semutungamiri akasimba kubvira muna 1883. Pasi pemurairo wake, bhizinesi rakabva kune imwe boka rebhari rainge rangotanga kusvika kune rimwe rinokurudzira pamusoro pemakumi emakore akatevera sezvakadiwa zveAmerican pottery yemiti yakaramba ichiwedzera kukurumidza kusvika kusvika kwezana remakore rechi20.
Kugadzirwa Kwekutanga
Rookwood yakatanga kugadzirwa kwebhari yakanga yakavakirwa pazvidimbu zvakanyanya zvinobva muJapan nemamwe maitiro akawanikwa kubva kuEuropean ceramics. Hazvishamisi kufunga kuti nheyo yekambani iyi yakajeka yaive nehukama hwe Wedgwood . Asi muna 1884, nekutumirwa kwe "company glaze" yekambani, Rookwood yakawana niche yayo munyika yehari.
Kubvira ipapo, boka rezvikwata zvevashandi vekugadzira zvivako uye masters mazai akachinja shanduro yeAmerica, maererano neRookwood Pottery website.
Rookwood's new Iris glaze, imwe yezvakawanda yakatangwa pakati pe1890s pasi peTlor's inofunga-fungidzira, inonzi Rookwood yakawana Grand Prix paParis Exposition muna 1900. Kambani yakaramba ichikohwa kuwedzera kwemakore akawanda akatevera, ichipinda zvinhu mumakwikwi mazhinji, sezvakataurwa muWarman's .
Kuchinja Nguva
Rookwood akagamuchira chikwata cheBhizinesi uye yezvesheni pakutanga kwema1900. Iris line yeIris yakakurumbira yekambani yakabviswa muna 1912, uye mamwe maitiro akareruka uye majekesa asina kuoma akaiswa. Iyo kambani yakaramba ichishanda kubudirira kuburikidza nemakore ekuma1920, asi haina kuzombopora mushure mekutambudzika kuburikidza neHuruku Hurefu kunze kwekuvhara dhiyo muna 1941.
Boka revashambadziri vachitungamirirwa nemutengesi wemotokari Walter E. Schott nemudzimai wake, Margaret, vakatenga kambani ndokutanga kukohwazve zvakare kumavambo ekuma1940. Rookwood akachinja maoko kakawanda asati atamira kuStarkville, Mississippi muna 1960. Masuo ehari iyi inoshamisa yakavharwa zvakanaka muna 1967.
Rookwood Marks
Imwe nzira yekuunganidza Rookwood ndeyekuti zviri nyore kusvika musi nekuongorora maratidziro akaiswa pasi pechikamu chimwe nechimwe. Muna 1886, kambani yakatanga kushandura reverse RP logo . Murazvo wakave wakawedzerwa mukati meikiti gore rega roga kuti ucherechere zuva iyo chikamu chakabudiswa. Muna 1901, kambani yakatanga kushandisa nhamba dzeRoma kuti dzive nehupamhi hwehuumbi hwayo huchiri kujekesa chiitiko chekufambidzana.
Miti mizhinji yeRookwood inewo chiratidzo chemugadziri , kana chidimbu, pachigadziko. Izvo izvi zvinenge zvichisanganiswa muhari kana kuti zvakanyorwa pasi peganda. Kuzviziva kunokosha kana uchikoshesa midziyo yeRookwood, sezvo vaverengi veRookwood vanyori vane vakavimbika vari kutevera pakati pevatori vehari iyi.
Zvimwe zvikamu zvinotengeswa zvinyorwa zvisinganzwisisiki kune izvo zvisina chikwangwani chemunyori.
Kukoshesa Rookwood
Muna 1887, muongorori weCeramic Kataro Shirayamadani akatanga kutema pfumbi yeRookwood. Basa rake rinomiririra zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinokosha zvekambani. Chaizvoizvo, chidimbu chakashongedzwa neShirayamadani chakatengeswa kuCincinnati Art Galleries muna 2004 nokuda kwechikwereti chinokwana $ 350,750.
Sezvo Rookwood zvidimbu zvakasayirwa zvinoshamisa vanyori vanogona kudengenyeka mumutengo paunotengeswa, nguva dzose ramba uchifunga mupfungwa kuti kuziva kuti muchengeti chinhu chinhu chinokosha pakukoshesa ichi chiumbi. Kushandisa zvinyorwa zvakataurwa pamusoro apa, kana zviratidzo, zviri pasi pezvidimbu zvakawanda ndiyo nzira yekuita basa iri.
Rookwood's pastel zvidimbu (zvakadai zvinoratidzwa pamusoro apa) zvinowanzoonekwa uye zvishoma pane unyanzvi kupfuura basa reShirayamadani nevamwe vanyori vanozivikanwa.
Ivo vachiri kuunganidzwa zvakanyanya uye vanobata kukosha kwepamusoro, asi kazhinji hazvizove seyengozi yezvokudya zvekare zvakashongedzwa. Rookwood faience tile anokoshesawo nevatori kana paine yakaisvonaka. Izvo zvinogonawo kuva zvakadhura zvakadzama zvichienderana neshoko.
Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro peRookwood kutengesa mitengo nemimwe mienzaniso, shanyira Rookwood yemuumbi wekutengesa mutengo .