The Victorian Version yezvino Maitiro
Mukutsvaga kwavo kusingaperi kwekurongeka, sangano nekugadzirisa, vanhu vakagadzira vakawanda gadget inonakidza. Nhasi, mutungamiri akakwana ane smartphone, laptop, uye flash drive.
Pedyo kusvika makore 150 akapfuura, akanga ane Wooton desk .
IWooton Desk Company yaiva imwe yefamani-famani-vashandi vanobudirira mushure me-Civil War America. Kubva muna 1870 kusvika muna 1898, iyo nevatsigiri vayo vakagadzira madhiki munzvimbo dzakapoteredza Indianapolis; nzvimbo yacho yakawanda yevatapi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika uye matanda, pamwe chete neiri pedyo nemigwagwa, yakaita kuti guta rive nheyo yenyika yekugadzirwa kwefenemu.
Iyo kambani yakatangwa naWilliam S. Wooton, uyo akagadzira uye ane kodzero yemadhipatimendi firiti yake yakabudiswa.
A hit mu 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition, zvinhu zvaWeoton zvakakurumidza kuparidzirwa se "King of Desks." Kunyangwe vakatengesa, vakatengesa zvakanaka: Vatengi veWooton vaisanganisira dzimwe nguva dzevachangotengesa vashandi vezvemabhizimisi uye vezvemari, kusanganisira John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould naJoseph Pulitzer, uyewo mazana emamwe emamwe mabanki, mabhenji, avo vezvematongerwo enyika.
110, Verenga 'Em, 110 Makamuri
Wooton yakanga ine mabhii maviri evhareji akavakirwa. Chimwe chaiva "dafura rinotenderera," chidimbu chekufamba-cheka uye zvikamu zvinotenderera. Asi iyo yakaita zita rekambani iyi yaiva yakareba, inodonha-mberi muenzaniso - zvepamutemo, "Munyori weWooton's Patent Cabinet Office." Yakanga iri chinhu chakakura, chakakosha muhukuru kubva pamamita mana kusvika mamita mashanu pakureba (zvichienderana nemuenzaniso). Yaro yekunze yaiwanzogadzirwa nemasango ematanda, aibva kuIndiana, ane burl walnut veneer uye vanocheka vakagadzirwa nemashizha endarama.
Inyanzvi dzaive dzakagadzirwa nemamwe matanda, kusanganisira pine, maple uye satinwood, mune ruvara rwakasiyana. Chibato chendarira nematare emhangura - rimwe zita reWooton nekudada kwechirongwa chekare - rakashongedza mikova.
Dhesi rimwe nerimwe rakange rine zvikamu zvitatu - chikamu chikuru, nebhokisi rekunyorera pasi, uye maviri panedhivha masuo akazununguka pamhangura hinges.
Apo mitsipa iyi yakavharwa, munyori akavhara, sekuchengeteka. Gedhi rekumucheto raiva newindo regirazi mabhokisi ebhokisi, cubby mabhulo uye mashefu ehukuru hwakasiyana; rutivi rworudyi, rutivi rwemhinza yehuni nekasidi makateti. Dhiki racho raiva nemakamuri 110 mune zvose.
Chimwe Chinhu Chaicho Chisiri-Yakagadzirwa
Vanyori vakauya mune zvidzidzo zvina - Zvidimbu, Standard, Extra uye Superior - uye masero matatu. Zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaitwa nemagetsi, kunyange kupedzisa kwevakiki uye kuveza kwekunakira - izvo zvakakura kukura zvakanyanya nega yega yega-zvakaitwa nemaoko. Mumakorosi akakwirira, kushandiswa kwechiedza uye masikati matema zvakakosha zvikuru kune vaMuvengi mavo kazhinji vainyanya kutaurwa, zvakare.
Kunyange zvazvo yakatarisa yakasiyana, Wooton Desk yaiva chigadzirwa nemagetsi. Mumuenzaniso wega wega, kugadzira, kurongedza, uye nhamba uye urongwa hwemakamuri akasiyana-siyana hwakanga hwakagadziridzwa zvakakwana, kunyange zvazvo vatengi vaigona kusarudza chigadzirwa chegoni pakati pemitauro yakasiyana. Zvimwe kunze kweiyo, kambani yakaramba kuita mhando dzemhando, dzichitaura kuti dzaive "dzakakurumidza kubudisa madhekiki edu" kuti dzigamuchire zvikumbiro zvakakosha, inotora Betty Lawson Walters muThe King Of Desks: Munyori wePooton's Patent . Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinogona kunge zvakasarudzira kune vatengi vakadaro seMutungamiri Ulysses S.
Ipai kana Mambokadzi Victoria.
Kuchinja muTsika
Mhando yepakutanga yeWooton madheski yakaitwa muma1870 yakaratidza Renaissance Revival style, ine maitiro ayo massive zvikafu uye zvakavezwa zvakavezwa. Asi kunenge muna 1880, kambani yakashandura maitiro emadhoroki ayo, mukuenderana nemitemo yakakurumbira yakasimbiswa nomunyori uye Aesthetic Movement mubatsiri Charles Eastlake : nyore, migwagwa yakarurama, zvishoma kudarika kushongedza uye "akatendeseka," kushandiswa kusina kufanana. Somugumisiro, vanyori kubva kuma1880 vainge vakajeka kudarika avo vaitangira. Mativi eimba iri pahofisi yakanga yakananga mashizha, kwete mipumburu yakavezwa. Nzvimbo dzepamberi nechemberi dzemasuo dzaive dzakatetepa uye dzakatarisana, dzisingasimudziri uye dzakasungwa. Iko kushandiswa kwehuni kwakadonhedzwa pasi, zvakare. Hapana chinyorwa chakanga chakavezwa muzvikamu; kunze kwemaoko ehuni akashongedzwa.
Zvakanga zvisiri nyore kana kwete, vanyori vakanga vasiri Spartan. "Wooton Desk muenzaniso weVavtorian mind inoshanda - yakaoma, yakazara, yakazara nemakomba," anodaro Jeffrey Hogrefe muna 1983 Connoisseur article, "Mutemo Unotonga Mukuru." Asi madhizimisi emapuranga akaumbwa haana kugadziriswa kubva kune zvigadziro zvekushongedza, asi kubva kumativi akazara edzimba pachavo-zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuchengetedza uye kuisa nzvimbo iyo yaiva yavo yekuziva.
IWooton Desk yakapa hutano husingaenzaniswi, hwaive, kusvikira panguva iyoyo, hwaive husingawaniki muhofisi emahofisi , anodaro Walters. Haisi inch space yakave yakaparara: kunyange gabled overhang yeiyo gallery yakasimudzwa kuti ibudise mazinga maviri emashafufu. Vachiziva uye vanobudirira, dawati racho harina kukumbira chete kumabhizimisi eVasitoriya zvaidiwa chaiyo, asi kune zvinangwa zvisiri izvo zvenyika yakarongeka, yakanaka uye inobudirira. Zvechokwadi, mumwe anenge anenge ane kodzero yemitemo yekurongeka: "NeDhesi iyi hapana zvachose chaine chikonzero chekutsika tsika," sa 1884 chiziviso chakaziviswa.
Mitengo, Zvadaro uye Zvino
Kambani yekutanga yaWilliam Wooton yakagadzira Munyori wePatent Cabinet Office kubva muna 1874-1884. Mushure meizvozvo, Wooton akazobvisa pabasa kuti ave mufundisi wenguva yakazara. Wooton madheski akaenderera mberi kubudiswa nehuwandu hwemabhizimisi ane mazita akasiyana kusvikira 1898, asi ndeaya kubva kumakore gumi ekutanga ayo anonyanya kutsvakwa.
Kare kare, madheski aiva mumutengo kubva pa $ 90 kusvika ku $ 750 - inenge yakaenzana ne $ 1,531 kusvika $ 12,765 mumadhora ezana remakore rechi21. Antique vatengesi mazuva ano vanobhadhara chero kupi zvako kubva pa $ 25,000 kusvika ku $ 250,000 kumadhipatimendi, kunyange vamwe vakatengwa nezvimiso zvina mukutengesa kuitira kuti zvipfeko zviuye.
Vadzidzi veCharles Eastlake neAesthetic Movement vaitenda kuti zvigadzirwa zvemunhu zvakaratidza unhu hwake. Munyori weWooton anoratidza chimiro chakanaka chemuridzi wayo: ndiani asi mukuru webhizimisi akakodzera "King of Desks?" Yakareba uye inokudzwa, kereke yakagadzirwa nevanhu vakawanda kunyika yebhizimisi - yakafananidzira vanhu veVictorian vainamata kubudirira kwezvinhu.