COFC , kana Container On Flat Car, inoshandura mifananidzo yemidonzvo yakareba yezvikwata zvakapetwa kaviri zvakashambadzira munyika yose. Kuendesa kwekutakura zvinogadzirwa nepamusoro pamapuranga kunodzoka kumashure kwemakore akawanda kupfuura kwemazuva ano emodom boom.
Nhoroondo
Kutanga kushandiswa kwekutakura kwekwenyeri kwaiwanzoenderera mberi neLCL kana Kupera kwekutakura Mitoro yeMotokari. Izvi zviduku zvidhina zvingave zvinogona kuendeswa nemotokari kumutengi, akatakurwa ndokubva atorwa kunotakura.
Pano, midziyo yacho yakabatanidzwa pamwe chete uye yakatumirwa kune imwe nzvimbo iyo nzira yacho yakashandurwa. Zvose izvi zvaifanira kuve zvakanyanya mari uye zviri nyore kune mutengi asi zvakanga zvakanyanyisa-kushanda uye zvakaderera kudzoka kwezvikepe. Sezvo migwagwa yakagadziriswa, yakanga iri nyore nyore kuti mapato maviri aite kuti matori atakure mutoro muduku munzira yose.
Mhedziso yeCOCF yakawana ivhu idzva mumakore ekuma1960 nema1970 achishandisa motokari huru. Zvakare dzimwe nzira dzezvitima dzakaedza ushumiri hweimba neimba nehutano hwakafanana ne "Flexivan." Zvimedu izvi zvakanga zvakatakurwa pazvipfeko zvakagadzirwa nemapuranga nemakwara ane zviteshi zvezvitima. Vakawanda vakatamira mumatokari dzezvitima kuti vawane zvirongwa zvakanakisisa-zvekushanda.
Imwe mutengo mukuru kune COFC motokari yave iri kutengeswa kwenyika dzose. Kutumira zvinhu zvinosvika uye zvinobva pamhenderekedzo dzegungwa dziri kumhenderekedzo uye zvinogona kutakurwa mumatori kana teresi kutumira inland. Mimwe midziyo inogona kufamba nenzira yose kuyambukira kondinendi nechitima kuti idzoserwe zvakare kune zvikepe.
Izvi zvinotora mazuva kubva kuAsia kusvika kuEurope.
Mimwe midziyo inoshumira pamba yemakero eNorth America. Iyi inowanzove yakakura kudarika mabhokisi anoshandiswa kutengeswa kwenyika dzose; kusvikira mamita makumi mashanu pakureba. Kana isati iri pachitima, zvidhina izvi zvinotakurwa pachasisi kune mutengi semagarenda emagetsi.
Kubva kuma1980, dzakawanda zvezvimene izvi zvakashambadza "kaviri-stack" teresi kuti iwedzere kubudirira. Aya marefu motokari anongorongedzerwa kumiganhu ine ruzivo rwakakwana rwemakumbo maviri. Kazhinji, COFC uye TOFC (Trailer on Flatcar) motokari dzemotokari dzinogona kuonekwa pachitima chimwe chete.
Iko ichangobva kuitika uye imwe yemakambani eCoFC anokurumidza kukura muNorth America ndiyo inotakura zvidhinha zvinokonzera tsvina yemasuo kubva kumaguta makuru kusvika kumaruwa ekumhara. Zvizhinji zvezvikwata izvi zvinofamba zvakasimba "matarenda" uye zvinokwanisa kudarika dzimwe nyika. Zviri nyore kuona, kunyange meso ako akavharwa.
Zvishandiso
COFC midziyo inogona kutora mhando dzakawanda. Chinozivikanwa nhasi ndecheplccc, motokari dzakanaka, uye motokari dzemagetsi. Tsika dzepasitadhi dzine ruzivo rwakanyanya uye huwandu hunorema. Ngarava dzinouya mushure mechitatu, uye 5 chikwata chinotsanangurwa, chinoderedza uremu, coupler slack uye kupesana. Zvakanaka, motokari inouya mumagadziriro akawanda uye inogona kutakura zvinyorwa zviviri zvidhi.
Hazvishamisi kuona ma motokari matatu muchitima chimwe chete. Pamaketani nemabhadharo akaderera, motokari dzinogona kushandiswa asi dziine imwe chigadziko. Mazuva ano terevhisi dzomukati dzinogona kunge dzakasimba dzimba dzepasi rose kana dzimba dzomumba kana kusanganiswa kwezvose.
Pakutanga LCL midziyo yakashandisawo flatcars (kazhinji yakareba 40 kana 50-foot foot length) kana kunyange gondolas. Coke, lime nedzimwewo zvinhu zvakanyatsotakurwa mune zviduku zvishoma zvakare.
Containers
Miti yepasi rose inouya mu20,40 uye 45-foot-lengths. Kazhinji mabhokisi acho ane mavara akajeka nezita rekambani kana kuti zvinyorwa kumativi. Zviuru zvezvikwata zvekare zvakashanda sezvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza.
Madzimba emumba anouya ari 28, 48 uye 53-mamita akareba. Izvi ndizvo zvakaenzana nehuwandu trailer urefu kumigwagwa yeNorth America nhasi. Vakawanda vavo ndevane makambani makuru emotokari.
Paakaiswa, kana pazvitima, ngarava kana muchikwata, zvigadziri zvinowanzobatanidzwa pamwe nepini dzinonzi IBC, kana Inter-Box Connectors. Zvimwe zvekare zvakakosha motokari dzinoshandiswa bulkheads kuti dzichengetedze chigadziko chepamusoro.
Izvi zvinowedzera motokari uremu uye huwandu hurefu hwezvigadziko.
Terminals
Mazuva ano zvigaro zvigaro zvinogona kuva nzvimbo dzakakura kwazvo uye dzakaoma. Makorani makuru akakura uye anodzosera zvakare midziyo. Zvinyorwa zvitsuwa zvinomirira kutama. Matori, yadhireta matare, uye zvitima zvinowedzera. Yadhi yechasisi isina chinhu uye motokari dzinoshandiswa pedyo. Nzvimbo yakadai ingave yakaoma kuenzanisira zvayo yese-kunyanya gungwa regungwa.
Inland zvivako zvinowanzove zvishoma zviduku zvishoma uye zvinowanzobatanidza trailer nemigodhi yekuita. Zvinhu zvinokosha zvakafanana - nzvimbo inotakura inotakura , magwenga ekufambisa kana kukwira, uye nzvimbo yekufambisa / yokupakira yezvigadziko nematori. Ihofisi shomanana, chiedza uye chekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengeteka uye danda rinopedza nzvimbo.
Dhemberero dzekare dzeLCL dzaiwanzoita zviduku zviduku pedyo nezvitoro kana zvitambi zveboka . Chinhu chiduku kana rampu kazhinji kacho chaivapo kuti chibatsire mitoro. Mizinda yeuguta ingasanganisira nzira dzakawanda uye zvivako zvekuchengetedza.