Kusiyana pakati peviri kazhinji kazhinji kakavhiringidzwa
Izwi rokuti Art Deco rinowanzoshandiswa kune fenemu kubva kuma1920 kusvika kumavambo 1940s. Ndizvo zvakaita izwi Art Moderne. Kunzwisisa musiyano pakati pezviviri hakusi nyore nguva dzose - kunyanya sezvo, kungowedzera kudikanwi, Art Deco yakange ichinzi Moderne panguva yake, uye nhasi, zvakawanda zvezvinonzi Moderne inonzi Art Deco. Pano, tinovhura musiyano pakati pemitambo iyi miviri.
Art Deco
Nzira inozivikanwa nhasi seArt Deco (izwi rakanyatsogadzirwa muma1960) rakaza nyika muna 1925, paParis Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels, rudzi rwakanaka rwepasi nekuda kwefamani - kunyange zvazvo rwakatotanga kukura kwemakore akawanda kare (iyo Kuratidzwa kwaive kwakarongedzwa muna 1915, asi yakanonoka nekutanga kweHondo Yenyika I). Art Deco yakavakwa pamhando dzakagadziriswa, dzakachena dzakagadzirwa nemafambisirwo emasikirwo akakurumbira Art Nouveau naJugendstil. Zvose mabhuku anogona kuva (uye ave akanyorwa) pamusoro pemhando dzakasiyana-siyana pa Art Art, iyo inobva kuGrico-Roman kusvika kuEgypt kusvika kuAsia.
Kubva kumagadzirirwo echiGiriki uye eRoma akauya maonero ekuenzanisa uye kuenzanisa; kubva munyanzvi yeEgipita, chimiro chemaviri-dimensional; kubva paAcquered Asian artifacts, shiny, kugwinya kukuru. Vamwe vavakagadziri veArt Deco, vakadai saEmile-Jacques Ruhlmann , vakawedzererwawo nemakore ekuma1800-kutengesa fesheni (avo vaifarira zvekare vaiteerera zvakare kuAntique) - kunyanya, manzwiro ekujekesa uye kushandiswa kwezvinyorwa zvakasiyana.
Sezvo chete zvaive zvisiri nyore uye zvakashandurwa, zvisinei, hazvirevi kuti zvidimbu zveArt Deco zvakanga zvakajeka kana kuti Spartan. Vashandi vayo vakanga vasina mafomu-anotevera-mashizha varume (chaizvoizvo, zvimwe zvidhina zvakagadzirirwa nemapurani Frank Lloyd Wright zvaizivikanwa zvisina basa). Art Deco vakagadziri vose vakange vakagadzirirwa - kunongedza kwakasiyana-siyana, kwakadzivirirwa.
Vanokunda vaida kuisa zvidhori pamatanda , kuti vashandise zvigadziro zvemukati uye maumbirwo. NeAust Deco, kuve nekugadzirwa kwemavara kwakabva kune zvakasiyana-siyana mumhando - matanda akasiyana-siyana emaruva uye mavara-mavara-kana mumashoko acho pachawo: akavharidzirwa kana shiri-ziso kana zvisikwa zvakajeka, matanda, nenyanga dzenyanga dzenzou, akafukidzwa nehombodo. Leccered glosses yakanyanyisa mavara akasiyana. Zvipfeko zvemhuka uye zvakavezwa mbatya mumirau yakajeka zvaive zvakakurumbira, zvakare.
Kufanana neJazz Era umo yakasimbiswa, Art Deco fenemu inopa pfungwa yekadha uye chiedza. Zvimwe zvekunzwa ikoko zvinobva kune maitiro akaoma ehuni kana kukwezva; mamwe anobva pane maitiro akasiyana akanyorwa nechidimbu. Tafura yepamusoro-yepamusoro inogona kugara pachigadziko chakaita seyimbi, somuenzaniso, kana dhesi yakaita semakumbo ingamira pamakumbo mana emakumbo.
Pamwe chete naRuhlmann (uyo basa rake rinoratidzira nyaya ino), mamwe mazita anonyanya kukosha muArt Deco anosanganisira Paul Follot, Jules Lelou uye makambani ekugadzira Süe et Mare uye Dominique.
Art Moderne
Kana Art Deco inobva kuFrance, Art Moderne (inozivikanwawo seAmerican Moderne kana Modernist) inowanikwa kuUnited States, ichida kufanana kubva kumavambo ekuma1930 uye yakagara kusvika kuma1940.
Uye inosanganisira zvizhinji zveunhu hunoenderana nenyika panguva iyoyo: yakakura, yakasimba, uye brassier - chaizvoizvo.
Funga nezveMifananidzo Moderne seArt Deco pane steroids. Art Deco yakaiswa kusimbiswa pakuumbwa nekusavapo kwemasimba makuru, asi Moderne yakanga yakanyatsogadziriswa (inopisa itsva yesayendisiti yenheyo yenguva yacho: kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvakatarisana nemiganhu yekudzivirira kukonzera mhepo uye kuita kuti zvifambe zvakanaka). Iyo midziyo yakawanda kana yakabviswa, zvichiita kuti inonyanya kuzivikanwa kwayo yejomeri yakarongwa (zvikurukuru inodiwa: mhete yekubvunda, semvura inobhururuka kana torpedo). Moderne vagadziri vanowanzogadzirirwa zvidimbu sezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana - zvikamu zviduku zvakakura-zvakafanana nesitepisi kana kuchinja kwemaitiro emasikirwo emitsva aya aibva mumaguta ose. Zvimwe zvezvidimbu zveModerne zvakanyanyisa, zvakagadzirwa naPauro Frankl, zvaive chaizvoizvo zvinonzi "Skyscraper" samani.
Moderne akanyorera kune zvakanakisisa zvemichina yakagadzirwa. Icho chaiva kupikisa kwechikwata cheArt Arts & Crafts . Zvizhinji zvazvo zvakagadzirirwa kuti zvive zvakawanda, asi kunyange dai zvisina kudaro, zvakaratidzika sekuti zvinogona kuva: Itaiti yeArt Deco uye chiyero ichi chinowedzera kugara nguva dzose nekudzokorora. Zvizhinji zvechido chekushongedza mumunda weModerne chinobva pakurongeka kwemutsara uye kudzokorora kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa - zvinogadzirisa, zvidhi, mabhoti. Kana zvisina kudaro, nzvimbo dzinowanzova pachena, uye kunyange zvishoma kudarika kupfuura muDoco zvimedu. Pane kudaro, sezvinofanirwa nemafungiro epanguva yakareba yenyika inofamba-famba, Moderne fesheni inowanzotaurira pfungwa yekufambisa-iri mumatafura akaiswa pamatafura, kana kukwira kwechikwata chechigaro chechigaro chechikwata.
Kunyangwe chiedza uye chisina kuchena, zvikamu zveModerne hazvisati zviratidzika sezvisingabatsiri, nekuda kwehutano hwemaitiro avo akapoteredzwa, akaoma. Sezvakaita Art Deco fenisha, kushandiswa kukuru kunogadzirwa nemuvara weparara, kunyanya mutsvuku uye mutsvuku, uye zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana - kwete kungosiyana nemiti, asi chrome, metal uye plastiki. Slick, nzvimbo dzinopenya dzinoramba dzichiwedzera, dzichipa firisi ye gloss yemushonga mutsva.
Kufanana neFranker akaberekerwa kuAustria, vazhinji vanogadzira Moderne (KEM Weber, Josef Urban) vaiva muEurope eigigrés . Mamwe mazita makuru eModerne anosanganisira Paul Fuller, Donald Deskey, Norman Bel Geddes, uye Russel Wright.
Summing Up
Ichokwadi kuti, Art Deco neArt Moderne vanowirirana, zvose zvinyorwa uye chronologically (Shanduro yeFrankcraper yekutanga yaFrank, somuenzaniso, yakabva kuma1920 ekupedzisira). Pakati pevaviri, Art Deco ndiyo izwi rinonyanya kuzivikanwa. MuArt Deco yake yemakore makumi maviri nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu , nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika Bevis Hillier inoshandisa iyo miviri miviri yose pakati pe-i-hondo nguva, inoratidzira yekutanga 1915-1930 shanduro sechikadzi, uye gare gare, 1931-1945, sevarume. Asi vamwe vanyori vezvakaitika kare, uye vatengesi vekare vekare, vanochengetedza izwi kune fesheni (kazhinji yeEurope-yakagadzirwa) yepakati pemakore gumi nema1920; maitiro emakore ekuma1930, chaizvoizvo, Moderne - kunyanya neAmerican pieces.
Mukuguma, kunyange zvakadaro, ndezve mubvunzo wekuita pane kutengesa zuva.
Funga nezveChiciro Dhiyabhorosi sechic, Moderne sefa. Kana Art Deco semuoriki, Moderne semakaniki, iyo yaimbova inonakidza mukugadzirwa kwekugadzirisa, iyo yekupedzisira kupemberera kwemajemi ekugadzira, sezvakananga semushini chete unogona kuzviita.
Dzidza zvakawanda nezveArt Deco kunyora kuverenga 7 Mienzaniso yeArt Deco Antiques uye Collectibles uye Ruba Rombic Glassware .