Simba Zvigadzirwa Zvakaumbwa Nyika Yakasikwa Deco
Emile-Jacques Ruhlmann (1879-1933) aiva pfuma yeParis uye mukati wemugadziri. Kunyangwe akanga asina kudzidziswa-uye haana kumboita chidimbu-pfungwa dzake uye zvigadziro zvakazova ibwe rekona yemutauro unozivikanwa nhasi seArt Deco .
Mukurumbira kubva kune Fair
Zvipfeko zvekutanga zveRuhlmann zvakabva kunenge muna 1910. Muna 1919, akabatana nemumwe munhu akagadzira, Pierre Laurent; yavo yakasimba, Les Etablissements Ruhlmann naLaurent, vakagadzira mifananidzo, mavara, maimba, uye zvinhu pamwe chete nemidziyo.
Iyo kambani yakabudirira, uye zvisikwa zvayo zvepamusoro zvakakurumbira pakati peParisisi avant-garde. Asi gore ra1925 rakasimbisa chimiro chaRuhlmann semudzidzisi wemazuva ano, apo zvidimbu zvaro zvakave zvakakundwa neParis Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels - Sangano re World World Fair rakabatsira kubatsira kuronga, uye Art Deco yakaparidzirwa kumativi ose nyika. (Yakanyatsogadzirwa muma1960, izwi rokuti "art deco" rinobva pachiratidzo chemuenzaniso uyu; panguva iyo, chimiro chitsva chaizivikanwa se "chirevo chemazuva ano", kana nhasi.)
Ruhlmann haana kusika mhando itsva yemasitirwo, uye mazhinji emadhisiki ake uye tafura dzokupfekedza zvakarongedzwa mumazana emakore ekuma18-kunyange chikwata chake chechikwata chinokonzera mumutauro wechiFrench bergère . Muumbi wacho akazviona semuzukuru wemasvingo makuru-vanoita zvema1700 apfuura, uye basa rake rinoratidza kukanganisa kwemaitiro avo: mukunyora kwaro kwakanyatsonaka, mukushandiswa kwaro kwemainlays, reeding and fluting, mumaruva ayo maitiro uye, kunyanya yezvose, muhuwandu hwakanaka uye huripo.
The Shock of the New
Kunyange zvazvo mutsika muhumwe huzhinji, basa raRuhlmann raiva rakanaka zvakare. Akanga achifarira runyararo rwakajeka, rwakarongedza-rumwe rwunoratidzika sekunaka zvakachena, kunyange kune zemazuva ano. Kusiyana nemitemo yakaipa, yevy yaArt Nouveau , chimiro chinonyanya kuzivikanwa pakupera kwezana remakore rechi20, firimu yake yose mitambo yakakosha uye ndege, nekunakirwa kwechidimbu kana maumbirwo oval.
Kuputika kwakadzika, kunotsvedza uye kazhinji kwakaoma-zvakare, kusiyana nechepfupi, yakavezwa yakavezwa yakagadzirwa kare. Izvo zvinyorwa zvekushongedza izvo zvinowanikwa zvinodziviswa uye zvinoratidzirwa.
Kupesana kweizvi izvi zviri nyore zvekugadzirisa zvaive zvinhu zvakakosha. Ruhlmann aida kushandisa matanda akawandisa, kunyanya akavharwa kana shiri-ziso-kazhinji, zviyo kana kuumbwa kwehuni zvakagadzirwa nekugadzirwa kwechinhu chikuru. Kunyange zvazvo yakashandiswa zvishoma, kuiswa, inlays nezvimwe zvinogadzirwa zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinokosha: nyanga dzenzou, sharkskin, tortoiseshell. Panogona kuve nekubatwa kwegadzi kana kuti sirivha kuiswa munzvimbo dzakakosha.
Izvi zvakasiyana - kusimba kwechimiro nekukwirira kwezvinhu - ndizvo zvakaita basa raRuhlmann richiita sechitsva uye rinonakidza. Zvikamu zvaro zvine unhu hwakanaka hwemunhu, kwete zvikuru kubva pakugadzirwa kwavo kwepamusoro asi kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvinopinda mumugadziro iwoyo - izvo zvinobvumirwa kupenya, zvisingabatsiri nemashoko akawandisa.
Zvimwe Zviratidzo zveRuppmann's Designs:
- Mitsara yakasimba, isingachinji
- Kusiyana kwemaumbirwo: retafura yefurafura yakasarudzwa yakaiswa pachigadziko chakakomberedza, somuenzaniso, kana chidimbu chikuru chakaiswa pamakumbo maduku
- Shiny, mashizha akaoma
- Yakanaka kana yakasimba yakarongedza upholstery
- Makumbo akaoma anowedzera pasi nepamusoro, achiita seaya achiyerera kubva mumucheto wechidimbu
- Mapepa emapazi akasiyana-siyana nemakumbo
- Unofarira huni: macassar ebony, amboyana burl, zebrawood, rosewood, shiri-ziso maple
- Kushongedza kunyorera: sharkkinki, shagreen, runyanga, nenyanga dzenyanga dzenzou, dzakasungirwa chikokovonho, chiganda chekomba
- Uropi hunokurudzira hunobata; trompe l'oeil inlay (sezvinowanikwa muchero unobatanidza chidimbu chechigadziko muzvisina maturo)
Zvipfeko zvekare zvaRuhlmann zvakakura zvakasimba uye zvishoma zvishoma (zvakafanana nenzira iyo maRococo maitiro akapa kuNeoclassical zvakanyanya kudziviswa sezvakaitwa nezana remakore rechi18). Akatangawo kushanda zvakanyanya mune zvishandisi uye zvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi. Kambani yake yakaguma kushanda paakafa muna 1933.
Nyaya Dzemari
Kunyangwe mumazuva ake, zvidimbu zvaRuhlmann zvaidhura zvikuru, zvakatumirwa nemhuri dzakapfuma dzakadai seRe Renaults, Rodiers, uye Rothchilds. Kugadziriswa kwemasangano ake kwakapedzisira kuwedzera kukosha kwefaira yake.
Vatori venguva yakazara vaisanganisira yakaderera Yves Saint Laurent, Andy Warhol, naKarl Lagerfeld, kazhinji vakatenga kuburikidza nepamusoro-soro endesa dzimba , uye akawanda museumasi anoratidza mienzaniso yebasa rake.
Zvinhu zvakavimbika, izvo pasi pacho zvakadhindwa kana kuti "Ruhlmann" uye dzimwe nguva "Atelier A" kana "Atelier B" (zvichiratidza kuti ndeipi musangano yakavaita) inogona kutora mazana ezviuru mukutengesa. Chigaro chekudzivirira Ruhlmann kubva kuSanta Laurent chakatora mari inodarika madhora 233 000 paChristian's Paris muFebruary, 2009; gore ra1932 rakasvibirira dhaka rakadzingwa rakadzingwa madhora 362 000 kune imwe yechiKristu yeParis inenge muna November wegore iroro. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, imwe nzvimbo yekudya-room roomboard yakave yakatengeswa nemadhora anodarika $ 1.5 mamiriyoni musi waDec. 16, 2010 paSotheby's muNew York. Zvisinei, zviduku zviduku uye zvinhu zvinoshongedza zvingave zviripo kune zviyero zvishanu kuburikidza nevatengesi vekare.
Kunyange zvazvo akazvigadzirira vakuru - "Makirasi pasi aisambogadzika mafashoni," akambotaurwa pamusoro apa achiti mumagazini Art et Décoration - Emile-Jacques Ruhlmann vakabatsira kubudisa Art Deco kunyika.