An Insight To Origins of Unique Style of Delft Pottery
Dhopu yeDelft ndeimwe yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehuumbi dzakabuda muEurope uye iyo inoshamisa yebhuruu uye michena yakagadzirwa yave yakajeka chaizvo. Delftware zvirokwazvo inokwira ipapo mumusoro wezvinhu zvinotakura, kana zvasvika kune cereamiki. Iyo nzira inogona kutumidzwawo se Delft Blue muhari (Delfts Blauw muDutch). Kufuridzirwa kwaro kwakauya kubva mienzaniso yebhuruu painted pottery yakadzoserwa kubva kuChina kusvika kuNetherlands neDutch East India Company.
Yakabva kupi?
Delft akawana mazita ayo kubva kuguta duku rakabva kuNetherlands kumativi ose zana remakore rechi16 (guta reDelft rinonyatsozivikanwa nokuda kwekuberekwa kwevanozivikanwa nevekuDutch Johannes Vermeer). Delft yakanga iri kukurudzirwa pamagetsi emujojo majolica , ayo akatsanangurwa se "denga rakafukidzwa neine opaque tini glaze uye rakashongedzwa vasati vapera". Majolica yakanga iri nzira yekugadzira yakave yakakurumbira muEurope muzana remakore rechi15. Mutsauko uri Delftware wakanga wakavezwa nemifananidzo yakave yakakosha mune imwe yakachena yebhuruu nemuchena. Zvinyorwa zvezviitiko zvakasiyana zvakanyanya, asi simba guru rekufuridzirwa raiva Dutch raishanda hupenyu uye basa racho raigara richiratidza mhepo yakakurumbira yemhepo, mabhazi ehove, nekuvhima zvivara. Mifananidzo kubva kuSpain Fury (kana Sack of Antwerp), 1583 kusvika muna 1589 munguva yeDutch Revolt yakave yakagadzirwawo pazvigadzirwa zvemakeramiki.
Zvikamu zvacho zvaiwanzoiswa mahwendefa uye mabheji, asi huwandu hwematairi hwakagadzirwa uye hwaishandiswa pamadzimba akavakwa kuburikidza nezana remakore rechi17 ne18, mazhinji ayo anogona kuonekwa kana iwe unoshanyira Delft nhasi.
Ko Delft Potters Yakaumba Sei Basa Radzo?
Delft yakasikwa nebasa rehariki rakave rakafukidzwa zvakakwana mumucheka wemuchena wegirini vasati vambopanga maitiro akaoma kana mamiriro ezvinhu pachigamba.
Chidimbu chose chinobva chakafukidzwa mune zvakajeka glaze kuti chisimbiswe muvara uye kuumba pfuma yakajeka. Dhaka rinoshandiswa dzimwe nguva kunonzi sevanda, asi inowanzoitwa kubva kune imwe yevhu yakaita ivhu , iyo yaiva nehuwandu hweakisiyumu makungu, kaolin, uye quartz. Zvakawanda zveDefftware zvakasikwa muhuwandu hwakawanda uye zvigadziriswa , pane kuva noruoko kana gumbo rinokandwa. Kuumba zviitiko zvavaida kupora pavhu ravo, ivhu rinowanzoitwa stencils, kuve nechokwadi kuti zvigadzirwa zvaive zvakakwana. Imwe nzira yekare yekusika stencil, iyo dzimwe nguva ichiri kushandiswa, yaiva yekugadzira zvigadzirwa uye yobva iita pinpricks mupepa, pepa rakange rakaitwa pamusoro pechipamende cheguru uye marasha emvura yakaiswa pamusoro payo, zvichisiya sarudzo yezvinokosha mufananidzo wehari. Kubva ipapo muumbi anokwanisa kunyatsoona nzvimbo yekugadzirisa uye anozopedzisa kupfekedzwa kwose nemaoko, achishandisa pende yakasviba ine cobalt oxide, iyo inotendeukira kune yakakurumbira yakaisvonaka ruvara rwebhuruu mumoto. Pane imwechete kupedza basa rose richaputirwa mumucheka wakachena.
Delft polychrome earthenware yakagadzirwa kubva kuDeftware yepakutanga uye yakabatanidzwa kwete chete bhuruu nemuchena asi ruvara rwemavara (kazhinji achishandisa mavara makuru, matsvuku uye bhuruu).
Ndekupi Kwaunogona Kuwana Delftware Nhasi?
Pasinei nekuzivikanwa kwayo, muumbi weDelft wakaswedera pedyo nekufa kunze kwemazana ekuma1800 apo kushamba kwehuwandu hwebhari kwakatanga kuwedzera. Nenguva yeruzivo, mumwe murume wechiDutch ainzi Joost Thooft akatenga imwe yemabhizimisi aDelftlijke ePreceleyne Fles (anonyanya kuzivikanwa seRoyal Delft), aive achitambudza panguva iyoyo, uye akaiunza mukududzirwa. Ifekitari ichiri kushanda uye yave ichimhanya kwemakore anopfuura 360, ihwowo ndiyo yekupedzisira yezvigadzirwa zvevhu zvekugara munzvimbo. Kazhinji iwe waizowana Delft akashanda pamwe neOosto Thooft okutanga akaiswa pasi. Imwe mubazi anonyanya kuzivikanwa ndiye firiti yeDeWit muNetherlands, iyo ichiri kubereka zvimwe zvezvakanaka nemaoko zvakagadzirwa neDeftware zvakagadzirwa nevashandi veDutch, vachitakura tsika iyi yakafuma.