Kwete Zvose Zvose Ndizvo
Chii ivhu? Inongova tsvina here? Zvakanaka, hongu uye kwete. "Kusviba" kunosanganisira nzvimbo yakawanda, sekutaura. Tinogona kuputsa tsvina muzvikamu zvakasiyana: denga, ivhu, nyika inelastic, uye dombo. Topsoil ine zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvakasikwa, zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanaka pakusima miti. Nyeredzi uye nyika inelastic ndiyo migumisiro yekuparara kwematombo, umo hukuru hwehutundu hwakanyanya kuduku. Rocks inosanganisira dombo nematombo kusvika pakuenda kune jecha rakanaka. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzevhu dzine marudzi akawanda akasiyana-siyana emaminerari ezvevhu ane zvisiyana zvakasiyana zvemidhoni yesimbi uye zvinhu zvakasikwa, izvi ndizvo zvinoisa mhando dzakasiyana.
01 of 07
Clay's Plasticity
Vesnaandjic / Getty Images Mutsara unoparadzaniswa nenyika inelastic uye yakanaka yejecha nekuda kwekugona kwayo, kana yakanyoroveswa nemvura yakakwana, kuumba masimba akabatana uye kuchengetedza maitiro ayo kana yakaumbwa. Uyu unhu hunozivikanwa sevhu hwepurastiki. Kana inopisa kunzvimbo dzakadzika, ivhu rinonyunguduka zvishoma, zvichiita kuti rive rakasimba, rakaoma-sedombo rinozivikanwa seiriamic material.
02 of 07
Makirasi eClay
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvitumbi iwe unogona kushanda nayo. Sarudza izvo zvakakunakira iwe. Getty Mutsara unogona kugoverwa mumakirasi akawanda, zvichienderana nemamiriro uye pane kutonhora kwevhu kunofanirwa kubudiswa kuitira kuti ive yakakura, kana kuti kusvika kuhutano hwakanyanya uye hurefu.
Iyo mitatu yakawanda inoshandiswa yevhu yevhu inenge iri miviri yevhu yevhu, midzi yematombo yematombo, uye midombo yakareba yematombo yevhu. Zvose zvitatu zvinowanikwa mune zvekutengeswa mumvura ine mvura, yakagadzirira-kushandiswa. Miti inopfa inogonawo kubudiswa nekusanganisa yakaoma ivhu uye zvinowedzera nemvura kuitira kuti iwe uite muviri wako unodikanwa wevhu.
03 of 07
Earthenware Clays
Dhaka ndiyo iyo inowanzowanikwa yakawanikwa ivhu. Getty Denga revhu raiva zvimwe zvevhu zvakatanga kushandiswa nevhu, uye ndiyo yakawanda yevhu yakawanikwa. Aya mavhu ane mapurasitiki (anoshandiswa nyore nyore) uye anogona kunge akaoma. Denga revhu rine simbi nezvimwe zvinosvibisa zvicherwa zvinokonzera ivhu kuti rive rakaoma kwazvo pakati pe 1745 ° F uye 2012 ° F (950 ° C uye 1100 ° C).
Mifananidzo yakajeka yevhu yevhu yakasvibirira yakatsvuka, yerineni, yenyoro, uye yakachena grey. Mifananidzo yevhu inoputirwa inosanganisira tsvuku, tsvuku, marinisi, buff, medium gray, uye white. Mavara akafuridzirwa ari munharaunda huru yakatarwa nehuwandu hwemaminerari asina kuchena uye rudzi rwekuputira. Terracotta, iyo inoreva kuti chaizvoizvo 'yakabikwa pasi' ndeimwe yemhando dzakakurumbira dzevhu.
04 of 07
Stoneware Clays
Stoneware inodzingwa pamatsetse akakwirira chaizvo. Getty Stoneware clays ipurasitiki uye inowanzova gonda kana yakanyorova. Mavara avo akafukidzwa anotarisa kubva kuchena gorosi uye mutsvuku kusvika mukati meguru uye tsvuku. Mavara akafuridzirwa anonyanya kunetseka nemhando yekufambisa.
Mid-Fire Stoneware Clay Bodies yakagadzirirwa moto kuti ive yakakura pakati pe 2150 ° F uye 2260 ° F (1160 ° C uye 1225 ° C).
High-Fire Stoneware Clay Bodies moto kumhepo yavo yakaoma mukati me 2200 ° F uye 2336 ° F (1200 ° C uye 1300 ° C).
05 of 07
Ball Clays
Bhodhi dongo rinowanzove rakanaka kwazvo-rakagadzirwa nevhu. Getty Bhodhi mabhuti ane plastiki uye ane mashoma emaminera asina kuchena. Vanopisa kuhutu hwavo hwakakura pane anenge 2336 ° F (1300 ° C). Kana yakanyorova iyo yakaita gema uye iyo inodzingwa inenge iine grey grey kana bhuni.
Bhora dope rine dambudziko rakakomba. Haikwanise kushandiswa pachavo nekuda kwekuwedzera kwavo shrinkage panguva yekuoma uye kupisa. Iyo inobatsira zvikuru, zvisinei, kana yakawedzerwa pane imwe ivhu kuti iwedzere kudarika uye plastiki.
06 of 07
Fire Clays
Moto dongo kakawanda ine mavara akanaka mavara kana akadzingwa. Getty Moto ivhu rinopesana zvakasiyana mumamiriro avo. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekukwirira kwavo kwepamusoro. Vanokura kusvika munenge 2696 ° F (1500 ° C). Kunyange zvazvo pasina rusununguko kubva kune zvicherwa zvicherwa, vanowanzova nematanda ematare anokweretesa maitiro mavarai akambodzingwa.
Moto wevhu inowanzoshandiswa mumatombo ematombo ematombo kuti awedzere kushambisa kwekushisa nekupa ivhu rakakanganiswa zvishoma, kana "dzino". Iyo inoshandiswawo mafuta emotokari akadzingwa kuti aumbe cone packs (iyo inotarisa kutaridzika kwekushisa), seyese inotsigira kutengesa kana kusachengetedza, nekuvhara magonhi.
07 of 07
Kaolin (Porcelain) Clays
Muenzaniso wevhu hwevhu kana wadzingwa. Getty Pamusana pemigodhi yavo yakachena, kaolin clays inoshandiswa kuverera. Kunyange zvazvo kaolin ivhu ine ruvara rwakasiyana-siyana, ivo vose vakajeka muvara. Kunyange zvazvo yakanyorova, inenge iine grey uye inopisa mumoto kubva kune yakajeka grey kana buff kusvika pedyo-chena uye chena.
Kaolin clays haisi sepurasitiki semamwe ivhu uye zvakaoma kushanda nayo. Yakachena kaolin ivhu rinopisa moto kusvika pakukura kusvika munenge 3272 ° F (1800 ° C). Inowanzosanganiswa nemamwe ivhu kuitira kuti zvose zviwedzere kushanda uye kuderedza firiji yekupisa . Miti miviri yakawanda inokonzera isanganisi ye kaolin uye bongo clays.