Mufananidzo wemunhu
Mary Ellen Mark chiratidzo mune zvemazuva ano . Basa rayo rakafuridzira vatarisi kwemakumi emakore uye iye anozivikanwa nekunyora hupenyu hwevanhu vepasi pose avo vangadai vasingazivi uye vakakanganwa.
Anonyanya kushanda mumatema uye machena, Mark ndeimwe yevakadzi vanozivikanwa zvikuru vemusikana . Mifananidzo yake yakawanda inonyatsozivikanwa uye ine chirevo chinokurudzira chinotora nyaya yenyaya yacho mune rimwe rundo.
Mukuwedzera kune zvaaifunga zvekuona mafirimu, basa raMark raisanganisira mifananidzo uye kushambadzira kupikisa. Aive achipa nguva dzose kumagazini dzakadai seHupenyu , The New Yorker , The New York Times Magazine , Rolling Stone , uye Vanity Fair .
Mary Ellen Mark akasiya pfungwa yakadzama mumamiriro ekufema . Akabetsera kuumba basa revatori vemafirimu vakawanda uye akapa kukurudzira kune mamwe mamirioni. Kunyange zvazvo akazofa muna 2015 ava nemakore makumi manomwe, nhaka yake haizombokanganwi sezvo iye akatisiya isu nebasa rebasa iro rinopikisa vatevedzeri vakanakisisa munhau.
Mary Ellen Makore Ekutanga Makore
Mark akaberekwa muna 1940 muFiladelphia, Pennsylvania. Akaziva kuti aida kupfeka mapikicha achiri muduku wepfumbamwe uye kambani yake yekutanga yaiva Kodak Brownie. Akanga ari mutungamiriri cheerleader kuchikoro chesekondari uye akawanawo kufarira pakupenda nekukwevera.
Mark akaenda kuYunivhesiti yePennsylvania apo akawana chikoro chake cheBFA mukupenda uye nhoroondo yezvigadzirwa.
Akaenderera mberi kuwana Master Degree mu photojournalism kubva kuAnnenberg School for Communication muna 1964. Gore raitevera akagamuchira Fulbright Scholarship kuti afunge muTurkey kwegore.
Kuenda kuNew York City
Imwe yebasa raMako rakanakisisa rakaitwa paakatamira kuNew York City uko akazopedzisira agara hupenyu hwake hwose.
Yaiva pano iyo yakatanga kutora mifananidzo yeHondo yeVietnam, sangano rekudzikinura kwevakadzi, uye mutsika unoshandura.
Nzvimbo yeguta muguta rema1960 yakaita basa rake. Izvo zvakakonzerawo kutungamirirwa kwebasa rake rakanyanya kunyanya kupikisa vanhu kunze kwemitemo yevanhu.
Mako akatsanangura paakabvunzwa nezvemifananidzo yake uye zvidzidzo zvaaifunga pamusoro pekuti "Ndiri kufarira vanhu vari pamiganhu." Ndinonzwa kuva nehukama hwevanhu vasina kumbova nekunakisisa munzanga. chero chinhu chiri kubvuma kuvapo kwavo. "
Basa raMako paMafaira Mifananidzo
Mark akava mubatanidzwa wemufananidzo mumifananidzo yemavhidhiyo. Basa rake rakaramba riri pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwemakore anopfuura zana mafirimu anosanganisira "Alice's Restaurant," "Catch-22," "Carnal Knowledge," "Apocalypse Now," uye "Mumwe Anoshamisira Neckoo's Nest."
Kubatanidzwa kwaMako mufirimu "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" yakamukurudzira kuti akumbire mvumo yekugara munzvimbo iyo firimu yakanyatsoratidzwa. Mark akapedza mwedzi miviri muOregon State Mental Institution, kushamwaridzana uye kufonera vakadzi vakanga vari varwere. Mifananidzo iyi inofadza uye inokurudzira yakazonyorwa mubhuku rinonzi Ward 81 .
Mark akashandawo pane mafirimu akawanda, kunyanya ma documentary pamwe nekubatana nemurume wake, mufirimu Martin Bell. Pakati pemapurogiramu eboka ndiwo maitiro 1984 e " Streetwise " nemunyori wenhau Cheryl McCall uye firimu ra1992 rinonzi "American Heart," iro rakanyorerwa nemunyori wezvinyorwa Peter Silverman.
Mark's Publishing Career
Mark akatanga kutarisa nemufananidzo-chinyorwa chakabuda mumagazini inonzi Look pamusoro pe heroin yeLondon inokanganisa. Akaisa mamwe mabasa akawanda emagazini mumakore mashomanana akatevera.
Munguva yaMako, iye akabatsira pamabhuku mazhinji kusanganisira , Rolling Stone, Vanity Fair, uye The New Yorker. Mukuwedzera, akabudisa mabhuku 18 kusanganisira Passport, Ward 81 , Falkland Road , uye Amai Teresa's Mission yeChirity muCalcutta, kungoti vashoma.
Kunze kwebasa rake rakabudiswa, mifananidzo yaMark yakaonekwa mune dzakawanda pane zviratidzo pamusoro pebasa rake.
Akadzidzisa uye akadzidzira munyika yose.
Mary Ellen Mari yekupedzisira Mari yaive Mufananidzo Uyu: New Orleans. Kutumwa naCNN, Mark akaenda kuNew Orleans kundotora hupenyu hwevagari vayo makore gumi mushure mekunge dutu guru Katrina rakaparadza guta racho. The show debuted muna August we 2015, mwedzi mishomanana mushure mekufa kwaMako musi waMay 25.
Mary Ellen's Style and Social Consciousness
Mark aizivikanwa nekubata pamusoro pezvinhu zvakakosha zvehupenyu pamusoro pebasa rake. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusava nemusha, kusurukirwa, kusvuta zvinodhaka, uye hupombwe. Ainyanya kushanda mumatema uye machena uye sarudzo iyi yakawedzerwa pamigumisiro yezvizhinji zvemifananidzo yake.
Mifananidzo yake yemitauro yakasiyana-siyana yemunyika yave iyo inokosha mumunda wekunyora mifananidzo . Akafamba zvakapoteredza pasi rose kunyora mamiriro evanhu. Zviratidzo zvaamai vaamai Teresa, maIndia, uye mazita emabhadhari muBombay zvaive nemigumisiro yemakore mazhinji emabasa akashandiswa muIndia.
Mark akaratidza dambudziko revasina pokugara paakazoona mhuri yeLos Angeles isina pokugara, Idambudziko, iyo yaakatanga kupfura pavakanga vachigara mumotokari yavo muna 1987. Akadzoka makore mashanu gare gare ku "imba" yavo, yakasara pamaruwa ivo vairarama zvisiri pamutemo.
Mako haana kusiya vateereri vake uye aigara achidzoka kuti aenderere mberi kunyora upenyu hwavo makore akazotevera.
Muna 1983, akaita basa reMupenyu magazine kushandisa nguva nevanomhanyira uye vana vomumigwagwa muSeattle, Washington. Akatora hupenyu hunotambudza hwevana ava uye zvifananidzo zvakava chikonzero cheMutambo Wechikoro-yakasarudzwa mafirimu firimu, "Streetwise."
Mako akafananidza Erin Blackwell (anonyanya kuzivikanwa seTiny) pamusana pefirimu iyi uye mumakore ose akavandudza pikicha yake, achiratidza mukadzi aiita seanotama kubva paudiki kusvika pakati pezera remakore. Mako akarondedzera mamwe matambudziko aErin mubhuku rake rekudzorera, Kubudisa pachena , kusanganisira kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka uye kubereka vana vapfumbamwe nevana vatanhatu vakasiyana.
Makomborero uye Kuyeuka
Zvinenge zvisingabviri kutumidza mahedheni ose ayo Mark akagamuchira pamusoro pemakore.
Zvimwe zvinonyanya kukosha zvinosanganisira:
- Upenyu Hwekubudirira Kubudirira muPhoto yekupa Mubayiro kubva kuGeorge Eastman House (2014)
- Outstanding Contribution Photography Mubayiro weWorld Photography Organization (2014)
- Infinity Award uye Cornell Capa Award kubva kuInternational Center of Photography (1997, 2001)
- Mukurumbira weMufananidzo weVafisi, Vakadzi muKufananidzo (1988)
- Iyo Phillipe Halsman Mubayiro wePhotojournalism kubva kuAmerican Society of Magazines Photographers (1986)
- Vazhinji Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Awards (1980, 1981, 1983, 1984)