The Manual Technique of Retouching Mufananidzo
Mukupikisa, izwi rokuti "airbrushing" rinoreva chero retouching chero ipi zvayo yakaitwa kumifananidzo inoshandura chokwadi chemufananidzo. Inogona kusanganisira kubvisa vanhu kana zvinhu, kubvisa nyuchi kana zvipembenene, kuchinja mararamiro emuviri, kana imwe nzira ipi yekushandura yemufananidzo wepakutanga.
Usati wambotora firimu uye kuiswa kweAdobe Photoshop uye mapurogiramu akafanana, kubhururuka kwemhepo kwakaitwa nemaoko. Vanyori vaiva nebasa rokuchenesa mapikicha pamunhu.
Vaizoshandisa mabhiriji pamwe chete nemapurasitiki, mavara, nezvimwe zvinhu kuti agadzirise chero kusakwana. Yaiva unyanzvi hwakatora tarenda rakakura.
Nhasi, airbrushing inonyanya kuitwa nekombiyuta uye inowanzobatanidzwa muchikamu che "retouching." Asi, iwe uchanzwa izwi rinoshandiswa, kunyanya kana uchitaura nezvevatoriki vanoita sevari nemitumbi isina chakanaka mumashambadziro.
The History of Airbrushing
Pamberi pekudhiridzira kwemajeri kwakauya nekugadzirwa kwedijiti, zvisina kunaka uye zvinyorwa zvakashandurwa zvakananga kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Airbrushing ingangodaro inonyanya kuzivikanwa nenzira idzi.
Mumazuva okutanga ekufotowa, retouching yaiwanzodiwa nekuda kwekukwanisa kwemahwendefa nemakamera anoshandiswa nevafotori. Kunyanya neDaguerreotype makore 1840 asati asvika, kugunzva kwaidiwa kuumba mifananidzo yakaisvonaka. Kusvikira ma1860, ruoko rwekutsvaira maoko rwakanga ruri nzira yakanakisisa yekuchinja mapikicha.
Izvi zvaiwanzosiya mapurogiramu akaoneka ekuputika mumifananidzo yakabva.
Mumakore ekuma1890, mabhurani emhepo akaumbwa uye mifananidzo retouching yakachinjwa nekusingaperi. Imikirini yemakamera yakanga ichivandudza nekusimbiswa uye simba idzva rekushongedzwa kwakanyatsobhururuka nemabheji emhepo zvakatungamirira kuzvinhu zvinoshamisa zvakakosha zvezvifananidzo nemamero, zvinopisa, uye zvimwe kusakwana zvakabviswa.
Uyewo akakurumbira zvikuru maiva nehombe huru yemhepo yakasvibiswa nemuvara. Ramba uchifunga kuti ruvara rwemifananidzo haruna kuwanika kusvika kuma1930, kunyange vanhu vaida mafananidzo avo muvara, semifananidzo. Vanyori vaizoita kuti vanhu vatsvuku uye vatsvene vashandise zvifananidzo vachishandisa mabheji kuti vatevedzere kutarisa kwemavara-mavara. Kuda kwaive kwakakwirira kwazvo zvokuti mafekitari akavakwa kuti atarise kudiwa kwemafirimu emhepo.
Kuenderera mberi nekuvandudzika uye kuwanika kwemakamera, akadai seKodak Brownie, yakaderedza kudiwa kwekudzidzira mhepo kuUnited States. Pakati pekupera kwema1930, hutongi hweStalin muRussia hwakagadzira bhururu rekufambisa senzira yekubvisa "yakanyangarika" vanhu kana zvimwe kunze kwevanhu vanofarira mifananidzo.
Bhuku retouching rakaramba richichishandiswa nevadzidzi vezvenzvipfeki nokuda kwemafananidzo uye basa rebhizimisi. Vakawanda airbrush artists uye vashandi vemagetsi vakaramba vachishanda nemavhidhiyo uye mapepa mapepa kusvikira kudijita kwejedi kwakauya. Panguva iyoyo, vazhinji vakatora bhizimisi ravo kumakombiyuta uye vakaramba vachipa zvekare retouching mashandisi vachishandisa zvishandiso zvitsva.
Airbrushing Nhasi
Kunyange zvazvo mabhanhire emhepo akashandisa nzira yekugadzira digital, mararamiro uye nzira yekufambisa airbrush retouching inoramba ichibudirira.
Zvirongwa zveSofisi zvakadai seApphophop nevamwe vakawanda vanobvumira vashandisi kuchinja mifananidzo zvakanyatsonyanya kudarika kunyange avo vane nyanzvi yakawanda airbrush artist kubva mumafirimu-chete kupikisa. Kazhinji, izwi rokuti airbrushed rakatsiviwa ne Photoshopped .
Uku kufambira mberi mune teknolojia yakakonzerawo kukakavadzana kwakawanda. Iko kukwanisa kushandisa chinyorwa nenzira yakanyatsonaka uye nemashandisi akadai-nyore kushandisa zvinounza zvinetso zvehutsika. Izvo zvakanyanya zvekudzorera pamasikisi zvakatungamirira kumanzwisisiro asina musoro pamusoro pemufananidzo wakanaka wemuviri here? Can photojournalists vanokwanisa kubvisa chinhu kubva pamufananidzo kuti vachinje chokwadi chechakaitika? Ko makambani anoshandisa iyo kuumba zvenhema kutengesa?
Mubvunzo wekuti "Kubvongodza" zvakanyanya sei kune imwe yenharo huru mumifananidzo nhasi. Iko kwakaita kuti vanhu vazhinji vave vasina chokwadi zvikuru pamusoro pemifananidzo ipi zvayo yavanoona.
Zvinetso zvavo hazvibvumirwi, kana, sezviitiko zvekunyengedzera kwekushandiswa kwemifananidzo zvave zviri nyaya dzakawanda misoro.