Kuchinja Mhinduro yePhotogiramu
John Szarkowski ave akarumbidzwa nekuchinja chiso chekuona maziso pamberi pevanhu veAmerica. Akanga ari mumwe wekutanga kuratidza kuti kupfeka mafirimu kwakanga kwakafanana neumhando yehupirwo sekupenda uye kuveza uye zvakakodzera kubvumidzwa kumwechetezvo.
Pakutanga
Akaberekwa Thaddeus John Szarkowski musi waRec. 18, 1925 muAshland Wisconsin, aiva nemakore gumi nemaviri paakatanga kutora kamera uye akaziva rudo rwake rwekupikisa.
Rudo rwakagara naye uye iye akatevera kupfeka pamwe chete nehove yekubatisa uye clarinet, iyo yaiva rudo rwake rwechokwadi.
Mushure mokunge apedza chikoro chesekondari, Szarkowski akaenda kuYunivhesiti yeWisconsin , asi zvidzidzo zvake zvakavhiringidzika nekuda kwekudana kwake kushanda muHondo munguva yeHondo Yenyika II. Mushure mekunge apedzisa stint yake mubasa, Szarkowski akadzoka kukireji muna 1947 kuti awane chikoro chebhaibheri. Akakurumbira mumifananidzo yezvakaitika uye akaitamba wechipiri-chair clarinet kuMadison Symphony Orchestra .
Basa Rake Rinotanga
Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza, Szarkowski akatanga basa rake semuvuki wemu museum pa Walker Art Center muMinneapolis. Akanga ave ari mufananidzo wemifananidzo muchechi uye akapiwa solo yake yokutanga kuratidzwa mumusitamende imwechete muna 1949. Szarkowski akapiwa mbiri yeGuggenheim Fellowships, iyo yakamubvumira kutsvaga zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutora mifananidzo.
The Museum of Modern Art
Muna 1962 ipapo muchengeti we Museum of Modern Art, Edward Steichen, akapa chigaro kuna Szarkowski, uyo akaonga chibvumirano chacho.
Nenguva iyo Szarkowski akasvika musimamende aive nemakore makumi matatu nemaviri, uye akanga atova mufananidzo wemhizha akabudisa mabhuku maviri emifananidzo yake. Mabhuku ake, "The Idea yaLouis Sullivan" (1956) uye "The Face of Minnesota" (1958) yakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya. Isinganzwisisiki yebhuku rekufema, bhuku rake rechipiri rokuti "The Face of Minnesota," rakauya paNew York Times zvakatengesa mabhizimusi kwemavhiki mashoma.
Apo paakatora, hapana mabhenekeri eNew York akanga achiratidzira zvakanaka art photography. Akanyora Mirrors neWindows: American Photography Kubvira muna 1960. Musoro webhuku rake ndewokutsanangura maitiro maviri ekudisa mifananidzo. Mirror yakarongeka yakarongedza kuzvidzora uye kufara kwemafirimu iyo inobatanidza vateereri vanoenda kunze kwebhokisi uye vachiongorora mifananidzo itsva nemifananidzo.
Muna 1973 Szarkowski akapfuurira kuparidzira rimwe bhuku, Kutarisa paZvifananidzo, izvo zvaisanganisira mienzaniso yekuti inganyora zvakadini pamusoro pekupikisa. Kusvikira nhasi nhasi bhuku iri richiri kudiwa kuverengwa kwevadzidzi vekudhiroya mifananidzo.
Swarkowski akapedza makore anoda kusvika makumi matatu paMOMA. Munguva iyi, aive nemhosva yekutaurira kune vamwe vakuru vemazuva ano munguva yedu. Yaiva Szarkowski uyo akatanga kupa huchenjeri hwaDiane Arbus, Lee Friedlander naGarry Winogrand muburatiro pamwe chete iro rakataurira mifananidzo kubva pamifananidzo yose mitatu. Panguva iyo yaifungidzirwa kuva chiratidzo chinotyisa, zvichienderana nehuwandu uye kuonekwa kwemifananidzo. Iyi ndiyo ndiyo nguva yokutanga mifananidzo yakaratidzwa iyo inoshandura zvinyorwa mumagariro avo uye maitiro.
Mukutsanangura mifananidzo iri muchiratidziro, Szarkowski akataura kuti kusvikira izvi zvichiratidzira chinangwa chekupikisa chaive chiri kuratidza chakanga chakaipa munyika.
Izvi zvakaratidza kuchinja kukuru mune izvi. Akati "Mumakore gumi apfuura, chizvarwa chitsva chevatori vemifananidzo chakanyora zvinyorwa zvinotarisana kune zvinangwa zvevanhu," akanyora kudaro. "Chinangwa chavo chakanga chisiri chekuchinja upenyu, asi kuzviziva."
Mukuona kwezvakashambadzira zveSzarkowski zvisarudzo zvaisawanzosangana nemhinduro dzakanaka. Chimwe chiratidziro cheSzarkowski chakagadzirwa paMuslim, muna 1976, chakaunza basa raWilliam Eggleston, uyo anoshandiswa nemuvara wakazara wakarwisana nemifananidzo yakasviba-uye-nyeredzi yakaisvonaka-yezvese yenguva . Iko kuratidzwa, "William Eggleston's Guide," yakave yakanyanya kufungidzirwa kuti yakaipisisa yegore mumifananidzo.
Chimwe chekuongorora uku kuratidzwa kwakagamuchirwa kwaiva naHilton Kramer muThe Times akati, "Mr. Szarkowski anokandira kunyevera kwose kumhepo uye anotaura nezveMufananidzo waEggleston se 'akakwana,' "akanyora kudaro.
"Wakakwana? Zvakakwana banal, zvichida. Kunyatsonaka, zvechokwadi. "Zvakare Szarkowski akaratidzwa pachena apo mumakore aizouya Eggleston aizoonekwa seapiyona wemifananidzo.
Yake Yoga
Gore mushure mokunge asvika kuNew York kuti atore nzvimbo neMOMA, Szarkowski akaroora Jill Anson, muumbi wekugadzira uye pamwe chete vaiva nevanasikana vaviri, Natasha naNina uye mwanakomana akafa pazera remakore maviri.
Muna 2005 Szarkowski akapiwa mharidzo yekudzorera yemifananidzo yake, yakazarura kuSan Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Chiratidziro chakafamba munyika yose uye chakaguma pa Museum of Modern Art muna 2006. Mimwe yemifananidzo yake yakanyatsoremekedzwa yakananga mifananidzo yakajeka yezvivako, mumigwagwa, nemasikirwo, maitiro aaiwanzoita mubasa revamwe.
Paakabvunzwa nomunyori wenhau kuti akanzwa sei kuratidza mifananidzo yake yaakati, "Sevhidhiyo, unotarisa kune rimwe basa revanhu uye uone kuti rinogona kukubatsira sei," akadaro. "Ndiri kugutsikana kuti zvakawanda zvezvifananidzo izvi zvichave zvinonakidza kune vamwe vatori vetare uye chido," akadaro. "Uye ndizvo zvaunoda."
Szarkowski akadzidzisa pa Yale, Harvard, Cornell, uye NYU uye akaenderera mberi kudzidzisa uye kudzidzisa pabasa rake rose. Akasimuka kubva ku Museum of Modern Art muna 1991 uye zvakare akashandisa nguva yake kuti azvipe pabasa rake rokushambadzira.
Swarkowski akafa muna 2007, ava nemakore 81, muPittsfield Massachusetts, kubva pamatambudziko anokonzerwa nechirwere.
Zvidzidzo:
The New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/09/arts/09szarkowski.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1
Washington Post
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/12/AR2007071202239.html