IU.C. Cent, kana penny yemari, inenge isisina simba rekushandisa nhasi. Mutengo wekuita mapeni (1.66 centi imwe neimwe) yakakwirira kudarika chiso chakanaka, uye kukosha kwepeneni yakakonzerwa nemasentimita maviri kubva pamapennie emhangura asati aenda-1982 , kusvika anenge zana eine zine pennies. Zvisinei, peneni iyi mari inofadza kune vakawanda veAmerica, uye vanhu vakawanda vanovhunduka kuti kubvisa peni kunokwidza mitengo nokuti zvinhu zvinoda kuenderedzwa nickel .
Nhengo dzose dziri mubato re penny dzinoita dzimwe pfungwa dzakanaka, uye sarudzo haisi kureva kusarudza zviri nyore. Nyaya ino inotarisa nyaya dzakabatanidzwa mupro-penny uye kupikisana kwepenny penny kuitira kuti iwe uite pfungwa dzako pamusoro pekumira kwaunoita panyaya iyi inokosha.
Background
IUnited States yakagumisa dhinari rechechi chechidiki munguva yakapfuura rine dambudziko duku. Muna 1857, iyo Mint yakagadzirisa kuita mari yehafu yemari, chikamu nokuti mari yekuita yakange yakapfuura kukosha kwechiso chake, uye chikamu nokuti yaionekwa sediki kudhinha iyo yakanga isisakoshi.
Kudzoka muna 1857, hafu yezana yakanga ine simba rekutenga iro raizoshandura kune mashekeri anopfuura gumi nhasi, saka mune dzimwe nzira, zvakafanana nekubvisa dime. Commerce yakaenderera mberi isina chero hiccups yakakura, pasinei nokuti iyo penny yemari yakangoerekana yapera kubva kune yakakwirira, imwe-inch-plus muhupamhi imwe yemhangura yairema anenge magiramu 11, kune penny yakanga isingapfuuri hafu yeiyo uye 40% duku .
Zvimwe kuchinja kukuru mubhadharo reUnited States kwakaitika pasina njodzi dzinokonzerwa nekutengeserana. Muna 1965 US Mint Misa yakagadzira kuita 90% yesirivha dimes, zvigaro, uye hafu yemadhora uye yakazvishandura pamusoro pekugadzirisa simbi yakaputirwa zvinyorwa. Vanhu vashomanana vaifungira pamusoro pazvo, asi misika yakaramba isingabatsiri.
Pakave kune zvimwe zvimwe zvishoma zvichishandurwa mumucheka wemari yakagadzirwa.
Iko kuchinja kwekushandura kwakabva pane zvenguva pfupi zvehondo hondo munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, kusvika kune dzimwe nguva kushanduka kushandiswa shandisa zinc panzvimbo yemhangura ye penny. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, iyo minda yakashandura iyo cup-nickel yakavhara mari yemari (Susan B. Anthony) kune "dhora regoridhe" yakashandiswa muSagagawea uye Presidential Dollar mhando. Hapana chekuchinja uku kwakakonzera matambudziko makuru mukutengeserana.
Nyika dzakawanda dzedzimwe nyika dzakabvisa zvitendero zvavo zviduku zvisingabatsiri mune zvekutengeserana kana kuvimba kwevatengi mune mari yemari. Nhamba yeZimbabwe yakabvisa penny nemari yemadhenari maviri zvisati zvamboitika muna 1989, uye muna 1991 dzakatsiva mapepa maviri akadzikisa pasi mapepa nemari. Muna 2006, New Zealand yakabvisa nickel, uye pavakanga varipo, yakanyanyisa pasi pasi rose mari. Zvose izvi kuchinja kwenhamba kwakaitika pasina matambudziko makuru.
Nhoroondo yakatiratidza kuti kuvandudza mari yekubhadhara munyika umo mari yacho yakanyanyisa yakave isina zvishoma kana yakakanganisika pfuma, kana kubvuma kwevanhu mari.
Pro-Penny Arguments
Vaya vanofunga kuti tinofanira kuchengeta penny kuUnited States vataure nharo dzinotevera kutsigira nzvimbo yavo.
- Mitengo ichawedzera. Kana iU.S. ichibvisa peni, vatengesi vacharamba vachitengesa mutengo kusvika kumadhora mashanu ari pedyo. Vangangodaro vachikomberedza zvose zvese vachizvifarira, vachititengesa pane zvose zvatinotenga.
- Varombo vanobhadhara zvakanyanya. A corollary to the argument pamusoro apa inoti varombo vachakanganiswa zvikuru nokuti varombo vanowanzoita kakawanda, kutenga zviduku, saka vanotambura kuzowedzera kakawanda.
- Zvipikirwa zvinoda pennies. Zvizhinji zviduku zvitsva zvinovimba nepeni inotungamirira kuti ipe zvipo. Vanhu havafungi nezvekudurura mapeji avo emapenje ekare kuti vatsigire motokari idzi, asi havazogoverani nickels nyore nyore.
- Nickels inodhura zvakanyanya kuita . Kana tikabvisa peni, tichatoda nickels dzakawanda dziri kupararira. Nickels inodhura masendi 6.23 kuti aite, (1.23 masentimita pamusoro pehupamhi hwemaoko, kusiyana ne 0.66 masentimita pamusoro pehupamhi hwepamusoro kuita penny,) kuitira kuti nickel imwe neimwe iwane 0.57 masentimita kupfuura kuita peni imwe neimwe. Sezvo penny inotora 0,6 yakawanda kupfuura kutarisana nechiso, iyo Mint inogona kuita mapeni mashanu uye ichiri kurasikirwa nemari shoma pane kugadzira nickel imwe. Uye, zvechokwadi, kana tikabvisa peni, tichada nickels akawanda, iyo inogona kukanganisa kuchengetedza kwekupedza penny kugadzira.
- Pennies vane manzwiro. Ichokwadi ndechekuti veAmerica vanoda mapeni avo uye vanovenga kuchinja zvinhu. Tagara tine mapeni uye saka nguva dzose tinofanira kuva nepennies, maererano nekufunga uku. Iko mafungiro anoshandisa pfungwa imwechete iyo inoramba kubvisa papepa rekuda nekuda kwemari yakawanda inodhura. Uyezve, pfungwa imwechete yakaramba kushandiswa kwematric system muUnited States pasinei nokuti inenge yose yepasi rose inoshandisa iyo. Vanhu veAmerica vane tsika, uye Lincoln Cent ndiyo nharaunda yezuva ranhasi inotenderera mari yemitambo.
Anti-Penny Arguments
Vanhu vanoda kubvisa peni zvakare vane dzimwe nharo dzinomanikidza, kusanganisira izvo zviri pasi.
- Pennies hazvina maturo . Havana kutenga chero chinhu, vanhu vazhinji vanongovarasa kunze, uye hakuna munhu anoda kuzvishandisa, saka regai tivabvise. Zvitoro zvakawanda zvino "Bvisa Penny, Tora Penny" makapu ari pedyo nekodhi yemari kune vatengi vasingatsvaki pennies uye kuchinja.
- Pennies waste time . Ivhareji yeAmerica madhora 2.4 maawa gore kubata maseni kana kumirira vanhu vanozviita. Iyi nhamba, iyo inotsanangurwa nevarume paRetireThePenny.org, ndeyo mugumisiro wekugadzira zvimwe zviitiko zvakabatana zvine penny. Izvi zviitiko zvinosanganisira izvo zvinowanikwa makumi matatu nematatu nguva yatinopedza tichimirira mumwe munhu anofanira kupinza mumapato avo kana chikwama kuti awane iyoyo yekupedzisira kuitira kuti vagone kubhadhara chimwe chinhu nechinangwa chaicho. Vangangoita izvi, saka havazobatanidzi nemamwe mapeni.
- Kuita mapenji kunokanganisa mutero wemari . Zvinodhura US $ Mint 1.66 mashekeri kuti aite mari imwe chete yemadhora, zvichireva kuti vateresi vari kurasikirwa 0.66 kwezana imwe neimwe ye 9.1 mabhiriyoni pennies iyo Mint inobereka gore negore. Iko kurasikirwa kwe $ 60,181,440 kubhadhara pennies muna 2016.
- Kuita mapeni penzira nguva . IAmerican Mint inokwana mapeji emamiriyoni makumi maviri nematanhatu pazuva kuti ibudise mapepa mazana mapfumbamwe emadhora gore negore. Kana tikangobvisa peni, US Mint inofanira kungoita hafu yebasa. Iyi nhamba haifaniri kusanganisira nguva, mafuta, mari, uye kukanganisa kutengesa zvese zvepenje dzakapoteredza mabhanga, vatengesi, nezvimwewo. Kana tikarega kugadzira pennies pakutanga, tinochengetedza nguva yose iyi inosanganiswa uye dambudziko, zvakare.
- Kupota-pota mitengo yaisazoita basa . Iko-anti-penny vanhu vanotora mhirizhonga yekukwikwidza nekuratidza kuti hatingazobhadhara zvimwe zvezvinhu zvatinotenga, chete nokuda kwemutengo wezvose zvatinotenga. Kunyange kana iwe ukatenga 2 kana katatu pazuva, (izvo vanhu vakawanda havaiti) uye kunyange kana kukomberedza kunopesana newe kaviri kubva pane 3 (izvo zvisiri kufanira), isu tichiri kungotaura nezve 3 kana kuti 4 masentimita pamusi pane zvakanyanya! Vanhu vakawanda vanokanda mapeji anopfuura mana kupinda mubhodhoro (kana tsvina) zuva rimwe nerimwe zvakadaro!
- Pennies vasingapfuuri muhomwe yemari . Imwe nyaya yomuNew Yorker yakaratidza kuti pennies haina maturo iye zvino zvokuti haina kunyange kubhadhara federal mubhadharo wepamusoro kuti uende kunotora imwe kubva mumugwagwa kunze kwekuti iwe unogona kuzviita mumasekondi 6.15 kana pasi.
Unomira kupi?
Sezvaunogona kuona, mativi ose maviri ane dzimwe pfungwa dzakanaka. Sezvo Mintra yeUnited States inotarisana netariro yekuwana mamwe mapurogiramu anobudirira anobudirira anobva aita kuti nyika yacho iwane mari, nharo pamusoro pekuramba kuripo kwe peneni inononoka ichokwadi kuenderera mberi. Vanhu vazhinji vakafunga kuti 2009, iro remakore rechi100 reLincoln Cent, rinofanira kunge rakange riri gore rapera rekuita mapeni. Asi vamwe vane chido chokuchengetedza penny iri kurarama. Semuenzaniso, iyo zinc iron inopindira, uye iyo Coinstar company (iyo inoita iyo inoshandura-kuverenga mishonga muresitoro) zvose zvinorwisana zvakaoma kuchengeta penny mukugadzirwa.
Yakarongedzwa na: James Bucki