Tsanangudzo yeClaid Coin
Mari yakavharidzirwa isimbi ine zvidimbu zvakawanda zvesimbi mukati mayo; mari yakawanda yeUnited States yakavhara mari yakafanana neyomukatikati wemukati wemhangura yakachena, nechekunze kwezvigadziko zvesirivha-ine nickel-yendarira yakagadzirwa . Mienzaniso yemhando iyi yekupfekedza mari ndeye US Quarter, uye Half Dollar . Iko "mari yegoridhe" yesimbi, kusanganisira Sacagawea Dollar uye Presidential Dollars, yakavharwawo. Vane tsvina yakachena yemhangura nemakwenzi akavharidzirwa akaitwa kubva kune zinc, manganese, uye nickel pamwe.
Chinosiyana chakasiyana nebhaimetallic mari. Nepo yakafukidzwa nemari ine shandiswa yakasiyana-siyana yakasvibiswa pakati pematanda maviri kana kupfuura, bimetallic yemari inoshandisa zvidimbu zviviri kana kupfuura zvakasiyana asi zvinowanikwa mune mari yacho zvakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, iyo madhora maviri eCancerin (1996-2011) ine chindori chekunze che 99% nickel uye mukati memukati we aluminium bronze (92% Cu, 6% Al, 2% Ni).
Nhoroondo yeClaid Coinage muUnited States
Munhoroondo yose yeUnited States mari, pane dzimwe nguva apo kukosha kwemukati kwesimbi kwakatanga kupfuudza kukosha kwemaziso emari. Chimwe chemienzaniso yakakurumbira ndiyo kuiswa kwezana duku muna 1856. Nemhaka yekuwedzera kwemari yemhangura, United States Mint yakamanikidzwa kuderedza hure hwemhangura yemhangura kubva pa10,886 magamu emhangura yakachena kusvika ku 4.670 gramu ehuturo yemhangura . Kana vasina kudaro, vanhu vaizobvisa masendi makuru kubva mumasangano uye vanyungudze ivo nokuda kwehuwandu hwemhangura.
Izvi zvingave zvakakonzera mari yekushaiwa kwekuchinja kuduku.
Yakanga isiri iyo mari yemhangura chete iyo yakanzwa kuomeswa kwemashamba emakambani. Pakati pemakore ekuma1800, mari yesirivha yakawanawo kuderedzwa kwehutano kuitira kuti vanhu varege kunyunguduka mari yehupfumi yavo. Imwe misika yakakonzera kukonzera kukwana kwakakwana kwemari yesirivha muUnited States pakati pema1960.
Kutanga muna 1963 uye kusingaperi kusvikira muna 1965, kwaiva nekushama kwemari muUnited States. Panguva imwecheteyo mutengo wekuvhara sirivha wakanga uchikwira apo iyo yekugovera yakanga ichidzika. IUnited States Treasury Dhipatimendi yakapa mhosva vatengesi vemari yekusara kwemari. Muzvokwadi, zvakanga zvakajairika vanhu vese-zuva vaiziva kuti kukosha kweiyo sirivha kwakanga kuri kudarika kubwinya kwechiso chemari. Izvi zvakaita kuti vanhu vabvise mari yacho kubva pakupararira uye kuvasvibisa nokuda kwechirivha chechirivha.
Kusiyana nemari yemakore ekuma1800s, mari yemazuva ano yaifanira kupfuudza zvigadzirwa zvekunyepedzera zvinyorwa mumichina yekugadzira. Nokudaro, United States Mint yaifanira kuuya neimwe simbi yakagadziriswa iyo yaizove yakafanana nemadhora makumi mapfumbamwe emari esirivha asi yaizova yakadhura kuita. Pasina kukwanisa kuita chinhu ichi chinokosha, makambani ekugadzira vending anofungidzira kuti kutendeuka kwemamiriyoni emichina yakashambadzira ingatora makore mashanu kuti atore shanduro itsva yemari.
Dhipatimendi reMari, yakabvunzurudza neBattelle Institute iyo yakakurudzira kubvumidzwa kwekugadzirwa kwesimbi yakasungirirwa (inonziwo sandwich metal) iyo yakave nemucheka wakaisvonaka wendarira-nickel yekunze yakasungirirwa yakasungirirwa kumucheto wemhangura yakachena.
The Coinage Act yaJuly 23, 1965 yakaita shanduko iyi mune zvigadzirwa zvesimbi zvakagadziriswa pamasikati, pamiganhu uye pakupedzisira hafu yemadhora.
Sezvo hafu yedhora rakagadziriswa ichangobva kuchinjwa kuti iyeuke Johane F. Kennedy iyo yakagadziriswa sirivha yakaderedzwa nekushanda kunze kwekunze kwema80% esirivha yakasungwa mukati memukatikati mukati ye 21% yesirivha uye 79% mhangura. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nehuwandu hwemabhiza makumi mana ezana makumi mashanu ehuvha esirivha yakaenzana nesirivha yehafu yemadhora kubva muna 1965 kusvika muna 1970. Kutanga muna 1970 imwe hafu yemadhora inoshandisa zvakafanana kuve yakagadzirirwa seyime neyendima.
Clad Mari yeVokuunganidza
Kakawanda mari haisi kungogadzirwa kuti ishandiswe mukupararira mune zvekutengeserana. Mamiriyoni mazhinji munyika yose inoita sarudzo dzekushambadzira dzemazuva ose emari masikati. Izvi zvinosanganisira zviratidzo zvinoshandiswa uye zvinogadzirisa mari iyo inogadziriswa . Semuenzaniso, United States Mint inoita chiratidzo chinogadzirirwa gore roga roga dzemari dzinotenderera pamwe neminda yakarongedzwa nemagetsi.
Kubva muna 2005 kusvikira muna 2010 United States Mint yakaita mari yekugadzira mari yakagadzirirwa kuiswa muChitsinho cheMint Uncirculated .
Muenzaniso Kushandisa
Panyaya dzeAmerica dzakavhara mari , kana ukatarisa pamucheto wemari, iwe unogona kuona mhangura yemhangura yakasungwa pakati pekunze kwesimbi.
Yakarongedzwa na: James Bucki