Stoke-on-Trent muWashordshire, England inozivikanwa sePoteri, uye ine pfuma yakawanda yevhu yakakwana yekupisa yakawanikwa munharaunda yacho, pamwe nemarasha anokwanisa kupisa mavhiri, akawanawo chibvumirano chekuzivikanwa seWorld Capital yeCeramics. Upenyu hweStoke nehuumbi sezvo bhizimisi ravo rekutanga rakatanga kumativi ezana remakore rechi17. Yaiva pano muna 1750 iyo spongeware (kana spatterware sezvainozivikanwawo) yakabva chaizvo.
Sangano re spongeware rakanyatsogadzikana apo fesheni yakakurumbira yeMatgwood yakazarura mikova yayo munzvimbo iyi makore mapfumbamwe gare gare uye yakagadzira spongeware zvikamu kubva 1800 kusvika 1820.
Chii Chinonzi Spongeware uye Chii Chakashandiswa?
Tsika yakagadziriswa spongeware yakasikwa pavhu, iyo inotsanangurwa se "mamwe emidhaka yekare kare inoshandiswa nevaturters, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa plastiki, nyore kushandiswa uye ine iron uye mamwe marara asina kuchena." Denga rinowanzofirwa panzvimbo yakadziya yepamusoro pane mabwe , anenge 1745 ° F uye 2012 ° F (950 ° C uye 1100 ° C). Iyo ivhu yakapa hwaro hukuru hwekushongedza spongeware kuti ubate. Zvipfeko zvinowanzoshanda zvakanaka, kazhinji zvinhu zvakadai semakishi, ndiro, vases uye mapikisi kuti zvishandiswe mukicheni. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvidimbu zvakawanda zvakaitwa muumbwa. Kamwe chidimbu chacho chakanga chagadzirira, girazi rakazoshandiswa ipapo pamusoro pechinhu pamusana peporadic kana mufashoni nemaune, zvichienderana nezvinoonekwa muumbi wehari.
Pane Pane Kusiyana Pakati pe Spongeware na Spatterware?
Kunyange zvazvo mitemo spongeware uye spatterware inoshandiswa zvakasiyana, inenge yakasiyana nenzira dzakasiyana. Spongeware yakashandiswa sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, kushandisa imwe (kana kuti yakasiyana-siyana) sponges akacheka kuti ashandise zvakanyanyisa glaze pawadhi.
Iyi nzira inogona kuva yakanyatsonaka sezvo glaze yakanga yakanyatsoiswa padanda. Pane imwe nguva rag yakashandiswa kushandisa glaze .
Spatterware yakanga isinganyanyi kushandiswa pakuita kwayo, pakuti iyo inotonhora (chaizvoizvo ndiyo yaiva "cobalt oxide yakasanganiswa nevhu rakasvibiswa") yakafuridzirwa pazvinhu zvinoshandisa pombi.
Chimwe chezvifaro zveizvi zvinobva kune zvose izvi maitiro ekugadzirisa glaze ndechokuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe chakasiyana zvachose uye hachikwanisi kudzokorora zvakajeka.
Ndeapi Mhando dzeGlazes Dzakatishandiswa muSpongeware?
Mune zvimwe zvepangeware yakatanga kudarika yakawanikwa, a cobalt oxide yakashandiswa sechando. Cobalt oxide yakatsanangurwa se "simba rakanyanya kupenya maoxyide, rinobudisa yakadzika bhuruu kana ruvara rutsvuku." Spongeware yakanga inowiridzirwa nekuve "yakasimba yemirasi yakajeka glaze ." Kutevera uku kushandiswa kwechiedza chinopenya, vatori vakatanga kushandisa mavara akasiyana uye kune zvakawanda zvakawanda zvitsvuku zvepongeware zvakawanikwa kare kose. Mabheji uye maronda ndiwo mavara anozivikanwa zvikuru anowanika spatterware, asi neemazuva ano spongeware uye spatterware, hapana mhedziso kune izvo zvinogona kugadzirwa.
Reveval of Spongeware
Spongeware yave iri nzira yakakurumbira kubva pakatanga, asi pane dzimwe nguva apo yaida chiduku chiduku, sezvo pane dzimwe nguva apo zvigadzirwa zvaiona zvishoma zvishoma kupfuura zvinonakidza.
Mushure mezvose, spongeware yainyatsozivikaniswa nokuda kweimwe yepamiti yakaderera yaungagona kutenga. MuUk, spongeware inogunun'una-inouya inomufananidzo we fantastic British potter , Emma Bridgewater. Simba rake pane spongeware rakanga rakakura zvikuru, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti ndiye aive nemhosva yekumutswa kwepongeware. Akatanga kambani yake, Emma Bridgewater, muna 1985, achiona chikamu mumusika kuti wakasununguka, uye yakatanga kuedza nemhando yekare ye spongeware. Vanoramba vachigadzira makeramics avo nenzira yakanyora uye yemaitiro kushandisa zvigunwe zvakagadzirwa nemaoko, zvose zvinoshandiswa nemaoko. Basa raEmma Bridgewater rairo muenzaniso wakanaka wezuva ranhasi wekunaka uye nyore kweyo nzira ye spongeware.