Mafuta Anoshanduka Kuchinja Clay

Sezvo moto uri kupisa uye uchidzikamisa, kuchinja kwekushisa kunoshandura zvakanyanya muvhu . Dhaka inobva kune iyi inonyorera, yakaoma zvachose kune rimwe dombo-rakaoma, risingabviri kumvura, mhepo, uye nguva. Iko kushanduka kunenge kusinganzwisisiki mumagariro ayo akazara uye zvinogona kuonekwa saka kana zvisingakwanisi.

• 01 ye 08

  Yokutanga Nhanho: Inmospheric Drying

  Apo ivhu rakaiswa mumoto, rinenge nguva dzose pfupa rakaoma. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuchine mvura yakabatanidzwa mukati memiganhu pakati pevhu dzevhu.

  Sezvo ivhu riri kunonoka kupisa, mvura iyi inoputika kubva kune ivhu. Kana ivhu rinopisa nekukurumidza, mvura inoshanduka ichienda mukati memuviri wevhu, ichiwedzera nekuputika pombi.

  Nenguva iyo mvura yekubikira yemvura (212⁰F uye 100⁰C pagungwa) inosvika, mvura yekudenga inofanira kunge yakabuda kunze kwemuviri . Izvi zvichaita kuti ivhu rienzane uye zvimwe zvishoma zvishoma. Kuti uwane zvakawanda nezve shrinkage, verenga Sei Clay Bodies Shrink.

  Kuti uone mufananidzo wezvinoitika kune ivhu mumoto, tora "Tarisa Kuzara-Kwose" pasi pemufananidzo wechinyorwa.

• 02 of 08

  Chikamu Chechipiri: Bhenesa Kunze kweKarbon uye Sulfur

  Miti inopisa yose inenge yakawanda yekabhoni, zvinhu zvakasikwa, nesarufa. Izvo zvose zvinopisa pakati pe 572 ipi ne 1470⁰F (300⁰ ne 800⁰C). Kana pane chimwe chikonzero (zvakadai sokusava nemhepo yakadzika mukati memoto) izvi hazvikwanise kupisa kubva mumuviri wevhu, carbon coring ichaitika, kushaya simba muviri wevhu.

• 03 of 08

  Danho rechitatu: Makemikari Akabatanidzwa Mvura Inotenderera

  Clay inogona kuratidzika seye se molecule ye alumina uye maviri malekemu esilika akabatanidzwa nemaviri emakuta emvura. Kunyangwe mushure mokunge mvura yakasviba yaenda, ivhu richiri rine 14% yemakemikari akasungirirwa nehukuru. Iko iyo ichave yakanyanya kujeka, asi isina kubwinya kwenyama.

  Ichi chikwata chemvura chinosanganiswa chinosunungura kana chinopisa. Kuputika kabhoni nesarfure zvinopisa, mvura yakasanganiswa nemakemikari inopukunyuka kubva mumuviri wevhu pakati pe 660 ipi ne 1470⁰F (350⁰ ne800⁰C). Kana mvura inopisa nokukurumidza, iyo zvakare inogona kukonzera kuputika kwekupisa mukati memuviri wevhu. Izvo ndezvezviitiko zvose izvi uye zvakanyanya kuti purogiramu yekufambisa inofanira kubvumira kunonoka kuvaka kwekupisa.

• 04 of 08

  Fourth Stage: Quartz Inversion Inoitika

  Vaumbi vehari vanoitumidza silica, asi silica oxide inozivikanwawo se quartz. Quartz ine chinyorwa chekristall chinoshandura pane zvakadzika. Iko kushandurwa kunozivikanwa se inversions. Chimwe chekutsvaira kunoitika pa1060⁰F (573⁰C).

  Kushandurwa kwekrisstalline yakarongeka kuchaita kuti ivhu riwedzere muhukuru ne 2% panguva yekudziya, uye kurasikirwa ichi 2% sezvo inopisa. Iyo yakasvibiswa panguva iyi ye quartz inversion uye kutonhora kwehuni kunofanira kusimudzwa (uye gare gare kunoridzwa) zvishoma nezvishoma kuburikidza nekushanduka.

• 05 of 08

  Ffth Stage: Kutora

  Pamberi kwegorosi-making oxides inotanga kunyauka, ivhu revhu rinototanirana. Kutanga panenge 1650⁰F (900⁰C) ivhu revhu rinotanga kufanana. Iyi yekugadzirisa inonzi inonzi sintering. Mushure mekunge ivhu rakaparadzana, haisisiri chokwadi revhu asi rave rakagadziriswa.

  Bisque kupisa kazhinji inowanikwa munenge ma1730⁰F (945⁰C), mushure mekunge iyo yakave yakazara asi ichiri inononoka uye isati yashandiswa. Izvi zvinobvumira mvura, yakasvibirira inotungidza kuti iomerera kubhari isina kubhururuka.

• 06 of 08

  Nhamba Yechitanhatu: Vitrification uye Kukura

  Kuchengetwa kwemuviri wevhu ndeyeri pakati pekuvhenekera kwomuviri kunounza dambudziko nekugara kwenguva refu, uye huwandu hwakawanda hwokuti mavara acho anotanga kupera, kuputika, kana kutokwira pamoto.

  Vitrification inzira inowedzera panguva iyo zvinhu zvinosvibisa zvinonyanya kuita kudaro, kupera nekuzadza munzvimbo iyo iri pakati pezvinyorwa zvinokonzera . Zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa zvinokurudzira kuwedzera kunyauka, pamwe nekugadzirisa nekusimbisa muviri wevhu.

  Izvo zvakare panguva ino inoita kuti mullite (aluminium silicate) inoumbwa. Izvi ndezvenguva refu, netare-yakafanana nemakristasi anoita sekusunga, kubata nekusimbisa muviri wevhu kunyange kupfuura.

• 07 of 08

  Maturation Temperatures

  Ichando yevhu inodzingwa kuti iite kusiyana kukuru. Dhaka rakadzingwa pane imwe yechando inogona kuva yakanyorova uye inononoka, asi ivhu rimwechete rinotinhwa pamhepo inenge yakanyanyisa inogona kunge yakaoma uye isingaiti.

  Zvinotarisirwawo kucherechedza kuti ivhu rakasiyana-siyana rinokura pakushambidzika kwakasiyana, zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwayo. Denga tsvuku ine huwandu hwedare hunoita sehuwandu. Dumbi revhu revhu rinogona kupisa kusvika pakukura kusvika munenge 1830⁰F (1000⁰C) uye inogona kusunguka pa 2280⁰F (1250⁰C). Kune rumwe rutivi, muviri wevhu wegungwa wakaitwa wakachena kaolin unogona kunge usina kukura kusvikira anenge 2500⁰F (1390⁰C) uye usingasviki kusvikira pa 3270⁰F (1800⁰C).

• 08 we 08

  Munguva Yokunaya

  Pane chimwe chiitiko icho dongo chinodarika, nguva ino sezvainochera. Iyo ndiyo shrinkage inonzwisisika yeCristobalite, kristalline form of silica, sezvo inopisa 420⁰F yapfuura (220⁰C). Cristobalite inowanikwa muzvisikwa zvose zvevhu, saka kutarisirwa kunofanira kutorwa kunotonhorera huni zvishoma nezvishoma apo inofamba nenzira iyi inotyisa. Kana zvisina kudaro, mapikicha achamera kuputika.