Isu tose tinoziva tetracotta-iyo inowanikwa nyore nyore ivhu inouya mumicheka yakajeka yezvitsvuku nemarangi-asi ndeapi mamwe maitiro akajeka ayo akaita kuti ive yakakurumbira zvikuru inoshandiswa kupfuura kwenguva?
Izwi rokuti terracotta rinobva chaizvoizvo kubva pakushandurirwa kweItaly "yakabikwa pasi" uye kushandiswa kwayo pasi pose kune nzvimbo yakakurumbira munhoroondo (uye inoramba ichishandiswa zvikuru nhasi).
Chimwe chezvinyorwa zvayo zvekare kare chaiva mumusorosoro wekare, pamwe chete nedare rekare pane imwe nguva richiwanikwa sekare kare se 24,000 BC. Zvinofadza kuti zvidimbu izvi zvakatanga kuwanikwa sePalaoolithic terracotta figurines, panzvimbo yekubika midziyo, sezvaungatarisira, kuratidza kuti yakawanda sei tetracotta yakashandiswa mukudhiro. Zvichida, kushandiswa kwetracotta kwakakurumbira muTyracotta Army, iyo yakaisvonaka yakawanda yemasitotota mauto anopfuura 8 000 masoja nemabhiza 520, akawanikwa muMambo wekutanga weChina, Emperor Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum (246-208 BCE, asi kwete yakawanikwa kusvikira muna 1974 nevarimi vekuChina vanogara). Terracotta inonyanya kufarirwa kuvezwa, inopa maitiro ayo akareba uye asingasviki uye kusununguka kuumbwa. Icho chinhu chakareruka zvikuru kuti ushande nayo, pane kutaura marble kana sharon. Terracotta inewo hukama hwepedyo hwekugadzirwa kwemasimba, kakawanda mumatombo epaimba uye basa rezvidhinha, sezvo iri rinoshamisa kwazvo rakasimba, rakanaka muvara uye imwe yezvinhu zvakaderera zvakanyanyisa kushanda nayo.
Ichowo chinhu chine moto unodzikisa moto muzvivako. Terracotta inowanzoshandiswa kushandisa maruva uye mapurisa anoyevedza ekudyira dinnerware.
Ndezvipi Zvivako zveTerakota?
Terracotta ndeimwe yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzevhu iwe uchazowana, zvichipiwa pfuma yayo, mafungu matsvuku / machena machena.
Chikonzero chemuvara wakajeka uyu ndechokuti zvakagadzirwa nehuni muhutumbi hwevhu hwetereti inopinda ne oxygen uye inozvipa hue izvo zvinotaridzika kana zvikaita, marangi, machizha uye kunyange mapundu.
Zvinhu zveTerototta ndezvokuti ivhu rakaoma kuti rishande pamwe chete, uye rinogona kushandiswa rakashongedzwa uye risina kuvhiringidzwa, iro rinowedzera kukwidza kwayo. Imwe yenguvo ye glaze inodiwa kuti iite mvura isina mvura. Apo teratota inopenya, mavara akajeka anowanzofarirwa nekuti anoshanda zvakanaka kwazvo nekushisa kwetracotta yakaderera , anenge 1100 C (2012 F) kusvika 1200 C (2192 F) kuti aite kusiyana kwekunaka nemuviri wayo we-orange. Izvi zvinotonhorera zvakanyanya kutonhora zvinorevawo kuderedza simba remari. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, terracotta yakadzingwa yakadzika kusvika kuma12 digrii Celsius. Majolica ware inogona kugadzirwa nekatekta nekuisa bhasiki-kupisa zvidimbu zvetikiti uye kuifukidza neapaque white glaze nekuvarova zvakare. Dzimwe nguva, hapana chimwe chinhu kunze kwechidimbu chakajeka chinofanira kushandiswa paTracotta kuti iwedzere ruvara rwayo rwemhepo yakasvibiswa uye rupe ruzivo rwakanyanya.
Zvikamu zvekare zveTerracotta zvakasara zvakasara kuti zviome uye zvibike mukati mezuva inopisa, uye zvidimbu zvidimbu (pamberi peikirns) zvakadzingwa mumadota emoto wakashama. Imwe nzvimbo huru iyo tetracotta ine kuti inokwanisa kumira zvakasiyana-siyana yekushisa kushanduka nemukana muduku wekuputika , zvichiita kuti zvinyanye kushanda.
Ndekupi Kwingaitwa Terracotta Mutsva?
Chimwe chezvikonzero zvikurusa zvekuti tetracotta yakawanda zvikuru munhau kune dzose dzakasiyana-siyana ndeyokuti inogona kuwanika chero kupi zvako uye inozivikanwa seyo inowanzowanikwa ivhu kumativi ose enyika. Terracotta kazhinji haisi yevhu yakachena uye inowanikwa yakavhenganiswa nemamwe emaminera azere nekubuda uye yakawanda yesimbi yakisi .
Ndezvipi Kwaungagona Kuona Zvimwe Zvinoshamisa zveTyrototta?
Kushanyira China kuti tione Terracotta Army kune chero muumbi wehupenyu huri kamwe-mu-muhupenyu. Inova makiromita makumi maviri kubva kuXian City, ndiyo makuva makuru ehurumende munyika, inotakura maekare 558 uye yakapiwa nzvimbo yeUNESCO World Heritage Site.
Victoria naAlbert Museum muLondon vanewo mienzaniso yakanakisisa, kusanganisira bhiza rePeridis Merard uye Vienna Natural History Museum inotarisana nebasa rekare rakapona rakaparara munyika yeCaramic kubva muna 26,000 BCE; mufananidzo unonzi The Venus weDolni Vestonice, wakawanikwa muCzech Republic.
Mukutaura kwekuvakwa, Bel Edison Telephone Building muBirmingham ibasa rinoshamisa remuenzaniso weVictorian terracotta.