VaShakers Nemapuranga Avo

Yakasimba asi yechokwadi: Imwe yenyika inogara yakakurumbira yeAmerican antique furniture, inozivikanwa seShaker style, haina kuitwa nemunhu mumwe chete, asi neboka revanhu vaitenda mumararamiro evanhu - uye kwete zvepabonde.

Vaiva Vanaani?

Vaiva vaShakers, boka rechitendero rinobudirira kwemazana ezana remakore rechi19. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakasimbiswa zvikuru zveAmerican Utopian kuedza, kufamba kwavo kwakabva neboka duku revaEngland vakabva kuNew York muna 1774.

Anozivikanwa zvakashata se "Shaking Quaker" nokuda kwemitambo yavo yakazara nemitambo panguva yemachechi echitendero, Vatendi (sezvavakataurira ivo pachavo) vakaparidza kuti nzira yekuruponeso inowanikwa mubasa rakaoma, kusava nemafaro epasi, uye nguva dzose kunyengetera. Vaiitawo basa iri uye mararamiro ekubatana, imwe umo zvivako zvose zvakanga zviri pamwe chete. Apo mhuri dzakava rutivi rwemusha we Shaker, varume vakaparadzana kubva kumadzimai, uye vana vakagara vari voga kubva kuvabereki vavo. Pakukwirira kwayo, sangano re Shaker raive nemamwe 6 000 nhengo dzinogara mumisha 19 kubva kuMaine kuenda kuIndiana.

Sezvavakatanga kuita fenicha (kutanga nokuda kwavo pachavo, uye gare gare kutengeswa), vaSmith makemikari vainyanya kutevera maFiristist maitiro akafanana, eaya aHepplewhite naSheraton , nechinangwa chekuenzanisa, chikamu uye kuenzanisa. Asi vakanyora izvi neo-classical mitsetse kunyange zvakanyanya, kune chinenge chikafu chinotyisa.

Amai Ann Lee, muvambi wesangano, vakatsigira kuti chigamba chiitwa "pachena uye chiri nyore ... chisina kubvumirwa nemhando ipi zvayo isinganyanyi kuwedzera kunaka kwayo kana kugara kwenguva refu."

Panzvimbo yezvinyorwa zvinoshamisa, mifananidzo yakajeka kana micheka yakawanda inowanikwa mune imwe michina yemamerican yemuAmerica, "hutano hwekushanda, zvigadzirwa zvinonzwika uye kugadzirwa kwakanyatsove yakava zvinhu zvekare zveShaker design," inotaurawo Jonathan Fairbanks naElzabeth Bates muAmerican Furniture: 1620 kusvika The Present.

The Three P's

Aya matatu eP anoratidza maShakers - pachena, maitiro, uye kudada - zvinoratidzwa mune fenisha yavo kusanganisira zvigaro zvavo:

• Matanda akasiyana nenyika, sezvo vashandi vakashandisa matanda asingadhura emunzvimbo mavo vanowanika nyore nyore. Matanda anozivikanwa: maple, pine, cherry, munyu, hickory (kunyanya zvinhu zvaidiwa zvidimbu zvakapetwa) uye poplar (zvikurukuru yekatikati).
• Mhemberero dzisina kuchena uye dzakananga: dzinogona kunge dzakakosha kana dzakapoteredza, dzinowanzogadziriswa kana kuti nekudzikama kwepakati mukati. Kune dzimwe dzisina tsoka, kana maziso akareruka emakumbo emakumbo ; cylindrical, museve kana pear tsoka kune zvigaro nematafura.
• Zvinhu zvakasimba zvakasimba zvinosanganisira zvipikiri zvakagadzirwa nemaoko uye pini-pini.
• Zvivako zvekuvaka zvinosanganisira bhora-uye-zvigadziko zvetsoka, zvinyorwa zvekufa-ne-tenon, zvinokonzerwa nevatambi uye fomu-uye-panhivi yakagadzirwa.
• Sirivo inowanzopwa kana kuve yakasvibiswa - kazhinji yakaita ruvara rutsvuku kana ruvara, mavara asina kuratidza tsvina; chikoro nemarangi zvaishandiswa zvakare.
• Yakagadzirirwa kurarama kwevanhu vemunharaunda, zvidimbu zvakawanda zvakakura: matafura ekudyira, mabhokisi uye kushambidza tafura yevanhu vaviri, asi ivo kazhinji vanovhenekera uye vanobatanidza kushandiswa uye nyore kuchengetedza. Matafura akanga adonha mashizha nemakumbo asina kunyorera. Zvigaro, rack uye makabhodheni zvakavakirwa kuti zviremberedzwe pamaputi. Kazhinji, zvizhinji zvebasa raShaker rakanaka muhuchenjeri hwahwo.

• Sirivo haisi kunze kwekushongedza zvinhu, asi kupembera iko chikamu chechimiro chechidimbu. Especially characteristic features: long 'finger joints'; huru, yakajeka, mabhosi-akaita kana kuti 'mushroom' mafundo; uye slats yakakura kudarika sachigaro kumashure. Chigaro chepachigaro chakashongedzwa nemagetsi e-acorn-, pinecone- kana kuti akafanana nemurazvo.

Guru ravo Hit

Pamwe pamwe nemabhokisi avo-akabatanidzwa uye mabhasiketi, Shakers anozivikanwa zvikuru nekuda kwezvigaro zvavo zvakawanda. Vakanga vangave vanhu vokutanga munyika kuti vashandise uye vogadzirire chigaro chekuzengedza pamwero mukuru, maererano naClarence Hornung's Treasury yeAmerican Design uye Antiques .

Chimwe chigadzirwa chakanga chiri chigaro che 'tilting', chikwata chemashure-nechepamusoro chaine bhora rakasiyana-siyana-uye-madhochi richibvumira kuti ridzoke kumashure risina kunetsa. Vose vakange vakakurumbira muma1870 vaShakers patented uye vakatanga kuvadzidzisa kuti vatengese kune 'nyika,' vachivaisa ne stencils kana zvinyorwa zvinonzi "Shaker's Trade Mark, Mt.

Rebhanoni, NY ", nzvimbo yeAmai Colony.

Kuchinja maTesita Nenguva

Kuvakwa nekushongedzwa kwemahofisi kwakarongedzwa nemapoka eAmai Colony muNew York, uye izvo zvakagadzirirwa zvakaramba zvichigara kwenguva. Zvisinei, kusiyana kwepakati kwakatanga. Semuenzaniso, pasinei neShaker Millennial Laws inorayira "kuveza, kuumbwa nemakona ayo ari kungofanirwa kunge asingadi kuitwa nevatendi," midziyo yakagadzirwa neSouth Union, Kentucky colony inowanzove yakanyatsorongedzwa zvishongo. Uye, zvinopesana nemafungiro emasangano echitendero, vamwe vashandi vakapinda basa ravo; Mazita anozivikanwa anosanganisira Orren Haskins, Amos Stewart, Benjamin Smith, naEri Kidder.

Nyanzvi dzakawanda dze Shaker dzinoongorora 1820 kusvika 1865 ye 'classical era' ye Shaker furniture. Mushure meizvozvo, zvidimbu zvakatanga kuchinja, zvichikura zvakanyanya uye zvinoratidzira mafashoni emangwana anokwanisa kubatsira kuti uwane nguva. Mune izvi zvinotevera zvinoshanda:

• Kutengeserana kwakaitwa mapaundi emapuranga kwakatsiva matanda.
• Pane kushandiswa kwakawedzerwa kwechiedza chinopesana uye masikati machena.
• Wakavezwa machira ematehwe, akaitwa nemicheka yakaisvonaka yakarongeka mu checkerboard patterns, akatsiva musana wemakumbo uye zvigaro pazvigaro.
• Zvipfeko zvinonongedzwa kuti zvigadzire huni huni.

Mitengo uye kuwanikwa

Mumakore ekuma1980, kunyange semisha yekupedzisira yeShaker yakavhara (nzvimbo imwechete inoshanda ichiripo, Sabata iri muMaine rine nhengo mbiri chete kubva muna 2017), kufarira muhutano hwavo uye zvivakwa zvakatanga kukura. Zvikamu zvakakura mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka zvinogona kutora mitengo mumatare mashanu uye matanhatu. Pane aWedis Henry inotengeswa munaOctober, 2009 kuHarvard, Massachusetts (iyo yaimbova nzvimbo yeguta reShaker), tafura yekudya yakashandura $ 117,000, asi dheki rekucheka raitengeswa $ 17,550.

Yakagadzirwa munguva iyo micheka yaive ichikura ichikurira uye yakaisvonaka, Shaker furniture yemirasi yakaonda uye nzvimbo dzisina kubviswa dzinoita sezviri kunyanya nhasi - kunyange dzinozivikanwa- kusvika mumazuva ano. Kunyangwe nekutaura izvi izvi zvinogona kuwira muboka re 'nyika fenicha,' Shaker zvidimbu zvakanyatsogadziriswa zvisingatarisiri-zvakatsamwa, asi zvakanyanyisa.

Vakagadziri vakaita saG Gustav Stickley , mazuva ano Charles Eames, naGeorge Nakashima vakabvuma simba reShaker pane basa ravo.