Zvishongo uye Girazi Yakabva kuFrance
René Jules Lalique anoonekwa somudzidzisi munzvimbo yeArt Nouveau zvinhu, zvose maererano nehukomba uye glaware yaakagadzira. Iye anozivikanwa pasi rose uye anoremekedzwa pakati pevatengesi vanobhadhara zvikuru kuti vawane mabasa ake anokosha kare kare.
Lalique's Early Years
Akazvarwa mudunhu reChampagne yeFrance muna 1860, akatamira kune madhorobha eParis nemhuri yake paaiva nemakore maviri chete. Semusikana wechidiki, akadzidza kuratidzwa paKoland Turgot, uye akatanga kudzidza nekudzidzira Parisian jeweler uye mupfuri wegoridhe Louis Aucoc muna 1876, maererano neWarman's Antiques & Collectibles (Krause) rakagadzirirwa naNove Fleishman.
Akatamira kuLondon muna 1878 paakaramba achidzidza uye akashanda pamashandiro ake emagetsi ekugadzira. Paakadzokera kuParis muna 1880, akagadzira zvishongo zvezvivakwa kune dzimba dzakazivikanwa dzakadai saCartier naBoucheron, pakati pevamwe. Makore akawanda gare gare, mifananidzo yake yakagamuchira rukudzo rwekuratidzwa pa Louvre mu National Exhibition of Industrial Arts.
Pakupera kwa1885, Lalique akanga atora Jules Destapes 'mabhuku emashizha. Zvisikwa zvake panguva ino zvakashandisa zvipfeko zvinoshandiswa pakuzivikanwa sezvinyorwa-to-jour , zvigadziko zvinokosha uye zvinokosha, nenyanga dzenzou , tortoiseshell, nezvimwe zvinhu. Zvikamu zvaakasika zvakanyorwa RL Lalique kana kuti Lalique chete.
"Mukutanga kwema1890, Lalique akatanga kuisa girazi muzvishongo zvake, uye muna 1893 akatora chikamu mumakwikwi akarongedzwa neUnion Centrale des Arts Decoratives kugadzira mudziyo wokunwa. Akakunda mubayiro wechipiri, "maererano neWarman's.
Shamba Rake Rokutanga reParisisi uye Kupfuura
Dhaka rekutanga rekutengesa Lalique rakavhurwa muna 1905 raiva pedo neParisiti iyo inonhuhwirira yaFrancois Coty.
Lalique yakagadzirwa mazita eCoty kutanga, uye mabhodhoro anotanga muna 1907. Kunyange zvazvo idzi dzaive maLalque ekutanga mabhodhoro ezvinonhuwira, akapfuurira kuumba mamwe akawanda emakambani akasiyana-siyana emafuta.
Pakazosvika 1911, mushure memakore ekugadzirwa kwegirazi, Lalique akabatwa muhurukuro yake yekutanga achitarisa chete pagirasi uye akasiya kuve kwezvishongo.
Girazi rake regirazi rekutanga rakavharwa munguva yeHondo Yenyika I, asi imwe itsva yakavakwa muna 1921 muAlsace munharaunda yeFrance iyo ichiri kushanda nanhasi kubudisa zvinhu zvekristini.
Lalique akagadzira yekutanga "motokari yemascot," inonyatsozivikanwa sechishongo chehood, muna 1921 kune muumbi wemotokari weFrance. Shure kwaizvozvo, akaita mapepa 29 akasiyana-siyana emhando dzemhando dzemotokari dzakadai seBentley, Bugatti, uye Rolls Royce iyo inonyanya kushandiswa nhasi. Izvi zvinoratidza maratidziro emufananidzo wekutanga kweLalique, sezvakaita zvimwe zvikamu zvegirazi zvakaitwa munguva ino.
René Lalique akafa muna 1945 paakanga ava nemakore makumi mashanu nemashanu achipfuura nhaka yake kumhuri yake. Bhizinesi regirazi rakaenderera mberi nemwanakomana wake, Marc, pachigaro. Mukunda wake, Marie-Claude Lalique Dedouvre, akabva amhanyira kambani kusvikira asara mukutangira kwema1990.
Vakawanda vanoshamwaridzana magirasi nemapuranga e frosted kana masikati, kazhinji ane bluish tky tinge kwairi, naLalique. Zvisinei, sezvinongoita zvishongo, vatori vanonakidzwa vachiwana girazi risina ruvara neLalique mark zvakare.
Vatengi vanogona kutenga yakakwirira yeLalique girazi pachikwata chechipiri chekuratidzira yakavhurwa muParis muna 1931. Nokufamba kwenguva, kambani yakaita yakawanda yakaumbwa zvidimbu izvo dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kusiyanisa kubva pamaoko ekutanga kutengesa.
Sezvavanotaura, "mienzaniso iyi isupupuriro hwezvinyorwa zvakapiwa pakugadzirwa kwemhando imwe neimwe, hapana chakanaka chakanaka."
Lalique Glass Marks
Vose vari Lalique girazi rekugadziriswa zvakaratidzwa here? Mune shoko, hongu. Chaizvoizvo, Ray naLee Grover mamiriro ezvinhu akave akavezwa uye akashongedzwa neEuropean Art Glass (Tuttle), "Zvikamu zvese zvese zvakanyorwa, kazhinji nekunyora mabhuku akanyorwa. Zvingava kukanganisa kutaura kuti basa risina basa rakangofanana neRalika iri mumutambo, sezvo izvi zvaipesana nekambani yekambani. "Saka, kana ukawana girasi yegirasi uye isina kunyorwa, zvakachengeteka kufunga kuti haisi Basa raLalique.
Izvo zvakakurudzirwa zvinyorwa zvekuwedzera nekuziva nekukoshesa zvinhu izvi ndeye Warman's Lalique Identification uye Purogiramu Yakaitwa naMark F. Moran.