Kuziva Nzira Dzokunyengedza Pazvinhu Zvokukomba
Mhando dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzira mbatya dzakashandiswa pazvishongo zvekushongedza uye zvinhu zvekushongedza kuburikidza nemazana emakore. Enameling inopa ruvara kunyanya kune zvigadzirwa, asi inogona kushandiswa kune zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana. Sendima inenge iri girasi iyo inosanganiswa kumusoro inoshandisa kupisa kukuru saka ichiita kuti igare yakasimba. Sezvo yakagadzikana sezvavari, zvisinei, izvi zvinopedzisira zvakanaka zvinogona kubviswa kana zvisingatariswi nehanya.
Hasi nzira dzose dzinotsanangurwa sezvizvi maererano nechekare uye dzinogadziriswa zvinyorwa zvechokwadi asi, sezvinoitika ne "cold painted" basa rinotsanangurwa pasi apa. Kunewo maitiro akasiyana-siyana ehutano hwekufungisisa pakati pemhando dzakasiyana-siyana.
Verenga pamusoro pezvikamu zvishoma zvemhando dzekudzidzira dzinoshandiswa kuwedzera ruvara rwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvishongo zvemazambiringa uye zvekushongedza.
01 ye 05
Champlevé Enamel
French Champleve Onyx Marble neBronze Jardiniere paChimira (Simira Usaratidzwa), c. 19th Century. Stephen's Antiques pa 1stDibs.com Champleve ndiro izwi rechiFrench rokuti "munda wakasimudzwa." Kunyange zvazvo cloisonné (dzidza zvakawanda pasi apa) inoshandisa zvidimbu zvedambo zvakanamirwa nesimbi kuti dzigadzire minda yekuzadza neameri, nzira iyi yakasiyana zvakasiyana. Kudengenyeka kunogadzirwa nesimbi kuumba masero panzvimbo, kazhinji nekugadzira kana kuveza pasi. Isimbi yakasara inoratidza apo iyo enameling yakakwana, saka, kazhinji inowedzera uye yakajeka chikamu chemuenzaniso pakuenzanisa. Dzimwe nguva izwi rokuti cloisonné uye c hamplevé rinoshandiswa pamwe chete kurondedzera chinhu chimwechete nevashambadziri, kunyange zvazvo izvo zvisina kunyatsokwana.
02 of 05
Cloisonné
Cloisonné Enamel uye Gold Locket, French naAlexis Falize, ca. 1867. Mufananidzo © Victoria and Albert Museum, London Nokuda kweiyo nzira yekugadzira, chigadzirwa chinoshandiswa uchishandisa tsvina yakaisvonaka yematare yakagadzirirwa pombi yesimbi. Iyo nzvimbo, kana masero, zvino inenge yakapfekedzwa neefamera yakavaraira iyo inosanganiswa kumashure (mukusiyana ne -plique-à-jour inotsanangurwa pasi apa, iyo isingabatsiripo). Kunyange zvazvo nzira ye cloisonne yakakwegura zvikuru - ichibva kuGirisi yekare, Roma neEgypt, pamwe neByzantium yezana remakore rechina - iyo yakatanga mumakore ekuma1860 ( cloisonné zvinoreva "chikamu" kana "kugoverwa" muchiFrench). Kufarira kweEurope muAsia yekushongedza hupenzi munguva iyi yakatanga kuonekwa mune zvishongo zvekugadzira, kunyange zvazvo chiChinese neJapan vaigara vachishandisa nzira pamusoro pepawareware uye zvinhu zvekudhiridza zvakare.
03 of 05
Cold Painted
Victorian Black Glass uye Cold Paint Enamel Sash Pin, c. 1890s. Mufananidzo neJay B. Siegel kweChiChiAntique.com Dzimwe nguva dzinongorongedzerwa sechando chakaita sechando, rudzi urwu rwemhando runoshandiswa kupa zvishongo kuonekwa kweiameling nehupfumi mupfungwa. Zvingaitwa kuburikidza nekushandisa pepa kana rumwe rudzi rwepurasitiki (panzvimbo yegirazi seine mamwe marudzi eameling), iyi inyanzvi inowanzoshandiswa pamakore ekupedzisira ekuma19th uye 20th- century mabhanhire ejasi akanga asina mari shoma paakanga ari mutsva. Cold painted mavara anogara pasi pamusoro pechinhu. Hazvibvumiri saka saka kazhinji hazvipfeki uye mamwe maitiro eameling. Mhando iyi yemapuranga inogona kuvhara uye kushandura zvakanaka nyore nyore, kunyange kana yakaita mifananidzo yakaisvonaka yesirivha.
04 of 05
Guilloché
Chikoro cheRussia Chata ne Guilloché Enamel, Diamond uye Rubies. Mufananidzo unofadza nezveMorphy Auctions Izvo zvakagadzirirwa mumhando iyi ye enameling inogadzirwa nemichina yekuraira magetsi emagetsi kana migwagwa yevy waiswa mukati mesimbi pamusoro uye kuigwinhura nemavhenekera akajeka ari mumatanda kubva ku pastels kusvika kune mavara akajeka, akajeka. Yakanga yakashandiswa pazvishongo zvakaisvonaka uye zvishongo zvakagadzirwa munguva dzeAustralia uye Edwardian eras. Zvimwe zvingave zvakavezwa pamusoro pekuwedzera kuwedzerwa, kana kuti zvigadzirwa zvematare zvinogona kuiswa pamusana pezvigadziriswa kuti zvienderere mberi kuzvishongedza.
Mumakore ekuma1920 uye '30s, maitiro akafanana akashandiswa kuita hupfu hwakakosha . Nhamba yepamusoro yepamusoro yejasi zvishongo zvakagadzirwa muVictorian uye Edwardian rumutsiriro mafashoni uye pasi pehupfu hwekugadzirisa zvinogona kuenzanisa guilloché enameling. Izvi zvinowanzowanikwa uchishandiswa kuputika kwepurasitiki yepurasitiki, uye inogona kuonekwa pakuongorora kwepedyo. Ichokwadi guilloché ichava nekupenya kwakasvibiswa kunzvimbo apo zvidimbu zvakagadzirwa nepurasitiki zvinowanzova nekutarisa kwakakomba pamusoro pavo nemhaka yekupfeka kusvitsa kunouya nezera.
05 of 05
Plique-à-jour
Plique-à-jour Inameled Brooch Yakagadzirwa Negoridhe neMadhamondi. Mufananidzo unofadza nezveMorphy Auctions Iyi inzira inoshandiswa nayo mafirimu akaiswa mukati megadziro yakagadzirwa nejasi rakazaruka remavambo maduku kana basa resimbi, dzimwe nguva rinofanana neuchi. Nemhaka yekuti micheka yakasvibiswa haina kubatsirana, chiedza chinogona kupenya kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa kusika kwechigadziko chewindo regirazi.
Iyi nzira yakagadzirwa munguva yeRenaissance - Cellini yakagadzira zvidimbu zvakawanda - uye yakawanikwa zvakare pakati pezana remakore rechi19 (vashandi vekuRussia vaishandura kuti vashongedze zvikamu zvakawanda zve tableware), uye yakanyanya kufanana nezvishongo zvakaitwa naRene Lalique nezvimwe zvishongo zveArt Nouveau vashandi. Icho chimwe chemaitiro akaoma zvikuru ekudzidzira maitiro ekuziva, uye anokosha zvikuru pakati pevatengesi vezvishongo zvekare zvekare.