Kuziva uye Kudanana Zvikamu zveAntique kusvika Mazuva Ano
Chikoro cheBritish chakatanga kutanga kunenge muna 1770 apo kaolin ivhu yakawanikwa muCornwall, England. Munenge muna 1880, maChirungu akaita kuti makeramics ave nechiremera, akawedzerwa, uye akasimba nekuwedzera pasi pfupa remhuka yepurazi kusvika kune ivhu rakaoma, maererano neAntiques 101 naFrank Farmer Loomis IV. Pakazosvika 1842, Spode yaiva imwe yezvigadzirwa zvinoshanda muEngland zvichiita izvo zvinozivikanwa se "bone china" pamwe chete neCoalport, Wedgwood , Worchester, uye mamwe makambani akawanda.
Nhoroondo Pfupfupi yeSpode
Josia Spode akadzidziswa sehari mukatikati ma1700, uye muna 1754 akaenda kundoshandira William Banks muSteke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England. Akaenderera mberi akatanga bhizimisi rake rebumbiro ega earthenware earthenware uye whiteware nemifananidzo yebhuruu. Muna 1770, akatora sefekitari yaBabhanki, ndokuguma achitenga bhizimusi muna 1776, maererano neWarman's Antiques & Collectibles (Krause Publications) rakagadziriswa naNove Fleisher.
"Spode yakapayona kushandiswa kwemhepo inogadzirwa nemhepo, inoita magetsi uye inoita unyanzvi hwekuendesa kudhindwa kubva pamapepa endarira," sezvakataurwa muWarman's . "Spode yakazarura dhipatimendi reLondon muna 1778 ndokutumira William Copeland imomo munenge muna 1784. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemuLondon dzakatevera. Pakazosvika 18th century, Spode yakaunza bone china. Muna 1805, Josia Spode II naWilliam Copeland vakapinda mubato rebhizimisi reLondon.
Mutsara wehukama pakati paJosiya Spode II, Josia Spode III naWilliam Taylor Copeland yakaguma. "
Pakuvamba kwema1830, Copeland akawana maSpode mabasa muLondon, uye akatora zvigadzirwa zveStoke mumakore akatevera. Kusvikira afa muna 1868, Copeland akatungamira bhizinesi ndokubva apfuurira kune vanogara nhaka yake.
Ifekitari yakashandurwa mazuva ano muna 1923, iyo yaisanganisira kuwedzerwa kwemagetsi.
Muna 1976, Spode yakabatana neWorcester Royal Porcelain kuva Royal Worcester Spode, Ltd.
Spode Marks
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, kambani yakapfuura nehuwandu hwekuchinja muhudzi uye yakagadzirisa hukama hwakawanda pamusoro pehupenyu hwavo hurefu, kwete kureva mafekitari akasiyana siyana achibudisa zvikamu munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Mhedzisiro yacho yakawanda, dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana dzeSpod marks dzinoshandiswa pamhando dzakasiyana. Zvechokwadi, Potter & Porcelain Marks ne Chad Lage (Makorodhe mabhuku; iye zvino asina kudhindwa), anoratidza mienzaniso 31 yakasiyana yeFode uye / kana Copeland manotsi kubva pakati pemakore ekuma1700 kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwemazuva ano.
Zvimwe zvinowanzowanikwa kare Spode / Copeland manotsi dzinosanganisira:
- Spode Painted Backstamp (inogona kunge ine nhamba pasi) - Nyora pasi peganda, kazhinji iri mutsvuku, asi mamwe mimwe mavara anogona kuwanikwawo pamwe nekusviba nebhuruu. Inoshandiswa pazvidimbu zvepamberi pakati pe1790 na1827.
- SPODE - Yakagadzirwa muchina isina mavara. Yakashandiswa kubva muna 1814 kusvika muna 1833.
- Copeland naGarrett - Mark anoshandiswa kubva muna 1833 kusvika muna 1847, dzimwe nguva ne "Nguva Yemazuva Ekupedzisira" yakabatanidzwa kusiyanisa zvidimbu izvi nekuda kwekuzivikanwa kwezita rinonzi Spode.
- Spode Copeland's China England - Mazita akasiyana-siyana akashandiswa zita reEspode neCopeland mushure memakore ekuma1800.
Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvakanaka zveSpode uye / kana Copeland mazita ndezveKovels ' Dictionary yeMarks: Pottery & Porcelain 1650 kusvika 1850 uye Kovels' New Dictionary yeMarks: Pottery & Porcelain 1850 kusvika Parizvino rakapera Ralph Kovel nemudzimai wake Terry Kovel ( Crown). Zviratidzo zviri mumabhuku aya, zvisinei, zvakaswededzwa zvishoma pane kupikiswa pamapuranga chaiwo emapurazi.
Hasi dzose dzepakutanga dzeSpode dzakaiswa, saka dzinogona kuwanika neruoko rwakaitwa nemaoko pasi pejasi. Izvi zvinowanzonyorwa muzvitsvuku, uye hazvifanirwe kuvhiringidzika nemahedheni akaiswa muzvikamu kubva kuma 1800 kusvika muna 1963.
Zvitsva zvitsva, kusanganisira iyo yakakurumbira yeKrisimasi maitiro, inofanirwa neZvidiro zvakanyanyisa zvakagadzira vatambi vanoisa mazita mazita, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore nyore kuziva.
Kudanana Nzvimbo & Copeland Kushandisa Datarks
Hungu, mazita aishandiswawo muzvidimbu kubva kuma1800s kusvika muna 1963 pamwe nevakawanda vanogadzirisa mazita akataurwa pamusoro apa. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira pakudanana neFode neCopeland zvipfeko kunze kwekufungidzira kwekufananidza kumusoro kwevakiki vanocherechedza nguva yakakodzera yekugadzira.
Dzimwe nguva izvi zvinonakidza zviratidzo - tsamba pamusoro pezviverengero, saY pane makore 24, somuenzaniso - zvakaoma kuverenga saka kushandisa peji yekutsvaga pepa kuti uende pamusoro pavo ne penzura kunogona kubatsira. Kana, iwe unogona kufungidzira kuenzanisa ivhu mucherechedzo uye wozoisa pane girazi kuti uverenge zvarinotaura.
Kana uchinge wanyora tsamba uye nhamba, chiratidzo chacho chiri nyore kudzidzira. Maererano neEspode History blog, tsamba dzinoshandura kune: J yeJanuary; F yeFebruary; M weChikwata; A yeApril; Y yeMay; U weJune; L weJuly; T yeAgasti; S yeSeptember; O yeOctober; N yeNovember uye D yeDecember. Nhamba iri pasi apa gore, saka Y24 inoshandura muna May muna 1924.
Datemarks kubva muna 1963 kusvika muna 1976 dzakanyanya kuoma, uye zvinoratidzwa netsamba imwe chete. Spode & Copeland Marks uye Other Relevant Intelligence naRobert Copeland inyanzvi kune avo vanoda kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekuti sei Spode naCopeland vakaratidzirwa kuburikidza nemakore, kusanganisira akazotarisa tsamba.
Dzidza zvakawanda nezvebhisikiti, zvinyoro-uye zvakaoma kuverenga kuverenga: Three Types of Antique Porcelain .