Unyanzvi uye unyengeri hwemari yekunyepedzera yave iripo kubva kare kubva kare vekare vanogadzirwa nemari mu 600BC. Pakutanga, vanhu vanobhadharwa mari nechinangwa chokunyengedza vatengesi uye vagari venyika. Munguva dzemazuva ano, vatengesi vanoita mari dzenhema kuti dzinyengedze vatengesi vemari. Nenzira imwe neimwe, mutengesi unoita mari yake nokutora zvinhu zvishoma zvakakosha uye achizvishandura kuva chimwe chinhu chinoita sechinhu chinokosha.
Ndezvipi Zvipfeko Mari?
Mari yesimbi inoshandiswa nomunhu asina ruzivo uye kubvumirana kwenyika inobvisa kana sangano. Uyezve, mari yakawanda inogona kuchinjwa kutaridzika semari inodhura mari. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisiri zvekunyengedza, zvinonzi zvinonyengera. Vanhu vasina kuvimbika vanogara vachigadzirisa nzira itsva dzekubiridzira mari. MuChinese, zvakanyatsotenderwa kuita "replica" mari kubva kune imwe nyika, uye ivo vari kugara vachigadzira nzira itsva uye yakanaka yekunyengedza.
Unyanzvi hunokosha hwekuona mari dzenhema huchavimba nekuchengetedza mari nekudzivirira kutenga mari yekunyepedzera. Kana iwe uri kuzoshandisa mari yakawanda pamari, iri pfungwa yakanaka kuzvidzivirira nekuteerera kune aya mazano mana:
- Ingotenga mari yakave yakasimbiswa nehutatu hwebasa rekuita basa .
- Gadzira ukama nemuchengesi wemari unoziva uye utenge mari yako kubva kune mutengesi.
- Usatenga mari yekutengeserana inopiwa pamisika yemiti uye paIndaneti.
- Kana iwe uchifunga kuti mari inogona kunge yakashata, tsvaka mhinduro yechipiri usati waitenga.
Mhando dzeChina Chekuita Mari
Mari dzomupfumi dzinogona kuiswa mumapoka matatu akasiyana-siyana: yakarova zvikwereti, kunyengedzwa, uye kuchinjwa mari.
Struck Counterfeits
Vanopikisa vanoita mari inopesana nemari yakafanana nenzira iyo mint inoumba mari chaiye ne planchet inorohwa pakati pemari mbiri inopera mumutsara wokudhinda.
Murapeti anogona kugadzira mari iyo inouraya nekuiisa nemaoko, achishandisa nzira yekudzikira kwekutsvaira, kushandisa imwe-kune-imwe kutumira engraving lathe, uchishandisa nzira yekucheka, kana nzira inogadzirisa.
Mupivhiti ndiye anotakura mari iyo inopera muchechi yekushandisa iyo inoshandisa matani akawanda ekumanikidzirwa kuti atange mari yekunyepedzera. Iyi nzira yekugadzira ndiyo nzira inonyanya kunetseka uye inodhura yekuumba mari yekunyepedzera. Nokudaro, chete mari inokosha inoshandiswa inoshandiswa kuburikidza nenzira yakakanganiswa.
Cast Counterfeits
Nzira isingadhuri yekubudisa mari yekunyepedzera ndeyekuumba chigadzirwa chemari chaiyo uye inoshandisa iyo kukanda mari yekunyepedzera. Kuumba chiganda chakanaka uye chiri nyore. Mari iyo inoshandiswa inoshandiswa semuenzaniso kusika yakakandwa. Vagadziri vakaita saiyi nzira nokuti izvi hazviiti kuparadza mari yevanhu. Kamwe iyo yakagadzirwa yakagadzirwa, simbi yakanyungudutswa inodururirwa muhutu. Vanyengeri vane ruzivo vanozoshandisa centrifuge kuti vaone kuti simbi yakanyunguduka inoyerera kusvika kumagumo ekupedzisira echiumbwa.
Yakashandurwa uye Yakanyorwa Mari
Nzira yakaderera uye yakakurumidza yekuita mari nokunyengedza mari yekusungira mari ndeyokutora mari yakawanda uye kuigadzirisa kuti ione seine mari inodhura uye isina mari.
Semuenzaniso, a counterfeiter anogona kutenga 1909 Lincoln zana nemayina ekugadzirwa kweVDB pamusana pezvishoma pasi pemadhora makumi maviri. Mumwe anonyengedza unyanzvi anogona kuwedzera s S mint mark kune zvakashata uye kuita kuti mari yacho ionekwe yakakosha kupfuura $ 700.
Kupatsanurana mari ndeimwe yemufananidzo wemari yenhema iyo yakashandurwa zvikuru. Mukana wekutengesa achatora mari mbiri yakajairika, akaapatsanura hafu, uye glue kana kusungira hafu mbiri pamwe chete. Izvi zvinobhadhara mari iyo ichapa ruzivo rwechinhu chisingawanzo uye chinodhura. Somuenzaniso, nickel yeBuffo yakagadzirwa muna 1926 paPiladelphia mint inogona kutengwa kusvika pasi pe $ 100. Imwe nhamba yeBuffalo yakagadzirwa muna 1929 muSan Francisco mint inogona kutengwa zvakare pasi pe $ 100. Munhu anonyengedza unyanzvi anogona kuparadzanisa mari mbiri muhafu uye anoshandisa kuputika kwemajeri e1926 nechekucheka kwejeri re1929 kubva kuSan Francisco uye kugadzira nickel ye1926-S inofanirwa kusvika pedyo ne $ 10 000.
Counterfeit Coin Diagnostics
Nzira dzinoverengeka dzesayenzi dzinogona kukupa ruzivo kana mari yakaita nhema kana kwete. Chokutanga ndechokuwana ruzivo rwezvinyorwa zvakadzama zvemari chaiyo yemari. Izvi zvinofanira kusanganisira ukuru, upamhi, ukuru, simbi yakagadzirwa, uremu, uye hukuru hwemhepo. Shandisa yakanyatsojeka caliper kuti uyanise hupamhi uye kuwanda kwemari. Shandisa chiyero chakarurama kusvika mukati ma 0.01 gm kuti uone kuyerwa kwemari. Enzanisa nemigumisiro yako kune iyo yechokwadi yemari. Kana vakanyanya kurega, iwe unogona kuva nemari yemari.
Shandisa magnetti ane simba kwazvo kuti uone kana mari yacho yakwezva nayo. Kana hurumende yakagadzirwa yemari inotaura kuti haina huni, simari haifanire kusungira magnet. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana shanduro yemari yepamutemo inotaura kuti inenge ine yesimbi, ipapo mari chaiye inonamatira magnet. IUnited States mint inongoita imwechete yemari ine midziyo: 1943 Lincoln zana .
Zvadaro, tarisa pamucheka wemari kuti uone kuti inofanana nesimbi yakagadzirirwa yemari yemari chaiye. Semuenzaniso, gore ra1943 Lincoln rinofanira kuitwa kubva kune zinc rakagadzirwa nesimbi. Saka, inofanira kuva nejena yesimbi yesimbi. Zvisinei, United States Mint yakaerekana yakanganisa yakawanda mashoma 1943 Lincoln inopinda mumhangura. Vanopikisa vatora mabhenekeri echokwadi 1943 uye vakaaputira nemhangura. Saka, kana 1943 mhangura yepepuru yaLincoln penny inonamatira kune maginiti, iyo mari yakashandurwa iyo ikozvino inonyengedza.
Dzidza mienzaniso yemari yemari chaiyo kana kuwana mifananidzo yakagadziriswa paInternet kuti udzidze zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekodhinari chaiyo. Nzvimbo dzinofanirwa kuverenga dzinosanganisira kuumbwa kwemavara, nzvimbo yezviverengero, tsanangudzo pamasikiriti, uye kutarisa uye manzwiro ehedheni chaiyo.
IUnited States Mint yakagara iine unhu hwakanaka. Nokudaro, kana uchitarisa mari pasi pekusimudza, zvigadzirwa zvinofanira kunge zvakasviba uye zvakajeka uye nzvimbo dzakachena uye dzakanaka. Mari dzakawanda dzakanyorova, mavara nemasikironi zvinoratidza kuti mari inogona kunge yakanganisa.
Kana zvikaitika zvezvigadzirwa zvacho uye zvisingashayi zvakadzama, izvi zvinogona kuva chimwe chiratidzo chekodhi yemari.
Pakupedzisira, nyatsocherechedza pamari iyo ine girazi rinokudzwa rakasimba-stereo microscope. Ongorora huchapupu hwekuchinja kunogona kusanganisira kuwedzera kana kubviswa kwemintmark inogona kuita kuti mari yacho iwedzere kukosha. Ongorora rutivi rwemari yehupupuriro yehutu hunogona kuratidzira mari iyo inonyengedzwa kana kuti mari yakashandurwa yakaitwa nekubatanidza zvikamu zviviri zvemari chaiyo pamwe chete.
Kuvandudza Unyanzvi Hwako Hwekudzivisa Kuona
Imwe mari yakashata yakakwirira yakave yakanyengedza nyanzvi nhamba dzematare. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa mutsara wemari yemari yako iwe uri kuongorora. Somuenzaniso, mari yekutanga yokutanga yakaitwa muUnited States Mint yakagadzirwa kubva kune mari yakafa iyo yakave yakagadzirwa nemaoko nemunyori. Apo icho chikafa chikapedza kana kuputsika, munyori wacho aizoumba imwe. Nokudaro, kunyange mari mbiri dzingangove dzidziso imwechete uye zuva, mari yemari yakagadzirwa kubva mune imwe mari yakaitwa nemaoko inofa ichave yakasiyana.
IUnited States Mint yakatenga iyo yokutanga kuderedza lathe muna 1833. Lathe yakave danho rokutanga mukugadzira kushandiswa kwemari yakafa kuti ivimbise kugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemakore ose ekugadzirwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, mari yakabudiswa pakutanga kwegore nemari imwechete yakafa inenge ichinenge isinganzwisisiki kubva kumari yakabudiswa pamagumo egore necheji yakasiyana yefa. Zvisinei, zvimwe kusawirirana kwakange kuchiripo nebhuku iri.
Ikozvino minting inoshandiswa iye zvino inoshandisa makombiyuta, mashandisirwo emagetsi, uye maitiro matsvene kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti mari yose inenge isingazivikanwi kubva kune inotevera. Kufambira mberi uku kwakaita kuti mari yakawanda yemazuva ano ive yakaoma kunyengera.
Pakupedzisira, kuva nyanzvi pakutsvaga mari yemhando ndeyehupenyu hwemakore ose hunoita makore akawanda kuchinja hutano hwako nekutsvakurudza nguva dzose pamagadzirirwo emaitiro ekunyengedzera. Kudzidza mari yemari pamwe chete nemari inonyatsozivikanwa inonyanya kukosha ndiyo mudzidzisi akakodzera mumugwagwa wako wekuva nyanzvi yekunyengedza mari yekutsvaga.