01 ye 05
Defining Toleware
Terra cotta uye blue-colored tôle peinte tray, French, ca. 1825-50. - Mufananidzo unofadza nezve www.prices4antiques.com Toleware, kana kungoita zvigunwe, zvinoreva zvinhu uye zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa neatini zvakave zvakasikwa kana kuti mashizha, uye dzakashongedzwa nemifananidzo kana kuti kugadzirwa. Kuvandudza kutanga kwezana remakore rechi18, nzira iyi yakapararira muEurope neAmerica, uye kutengeserana mune zvinhu izvi kwakakura kupfuura makumi emakore akatevera.
Nheyo yebato yakagadzirwa nesimbi. Mashizha esimbi kana simbi yakanyudzwa muchitini yakanyungudutswa kana kuti pewter (iyo inenge yimbi yeti neyendarira) kuumba nheyo inogona kuve yakashongedzwa nepepa kana varnish. Zvinyorwa zvayo zvinowanzoitika zvinowanzotaurwa seti tinplate apo toleware inotsanangurwa.
Iyi nzira yekushongedza inonzi yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza zvishandiso zvekushandisa zvemhuri kubva kumucheka, uye yakabudirira kusvikira pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19 apo kuonekwa kwechibvumirano chakasvibiswa. Toleware, zvisinei, akaona rumutsiriro pfupi muAmerica muma1950 izvo zvakapera makore gumi kana zvakadaro.
Iyo inozivikanwawo setire peinte (iyo iri chiFrench ye "painted sheet iron"), peint tin, kana zvingorira, nzira yacho yakashandiswa kune zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemumba - kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvemhuri zvinoshandiswa kune zvigadzirwa zvekushongedza - uye mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana . Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinowanzowanikwa zvakave zvigadziko zvemwenje, trays, urns, uye yei chai kana zvinhu zvekuchengetedza.
Izvi zvinosanganisira zvitatu zvebato rinobva kumativi ose enyika:
English Toleware
French T & ocirc; le Peinte
American Painted Tin
02 of 05
English Toleware
Chinoiserie cellarette, gilt uye mutsvuku wekona nemakumbo akaiswa pwy kubva kuPontypool, Wales, ca. 1801-25. - Mufananidzo unoenderana nemitengo4antiques.com VaBrithani, pamwe chete neDutch, vangangodaro ndivo vokutanga kuti vashandise nzira dzekunyengera, zvichida kare kare muna 1700. Sezvimwe nezvimwe zvidimbu zvakagadzirwa, chinangwa chaiva chokutevedzera zvinhu zvekare zvakasikwa mumapani - zvikamu zvakanga zvakaoma kuwana, sezvo maJapan akanga avhara ukama hwebhizimisi nevakawanda veEurope pakati pe1600s.
Saka, zvinhu zveChirungu zvaiwanzove zvakasvibiswa zvigadzirwa zvegoridhe uye zvakashongedzwa neChiniserie (kureva, mapurisa aive neAsia maitiro kana kuti akaratidza maAsia zviitiko), sezvinoitwa cellarette . Zvimwewo zvigadzirwa zvemagariro zvinogona kuwanikwa zvakare, zvakadai setii kanisisters dzine zvifananidzo zvinoratidza upenyu hweChirungu panguva yavakaitwa. Mimwe yeiyi yakanga ine mamiriro emuvara wakaoma uye mamwe mavara akadzika.
Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zveChirungu zvaiwanzogadzirwa zvepewter. Mimwe yemhando yakanakisisa yebasa rakabuda muWales, zvikurukuru Pontypool uye Usk.
03 of 05
French Tôle Peinte
Pair yeFrance tole peinte chestnut urns, kutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, zviratidzo zvezvipfeko zvinoputika, shumba musoro inokwira kune rumwe rutivi. - Mufananidzo unoenderana nemitengo4antiques.com / Neal Auction Co. VaFrance vakatora kune zvavakadana tôle peinte (iyo iri chiFrench ye "painted sheet iron") nehutano hwavo panache. Kushandisa nzira dzavo dzakakwirira dzekuchenesa, dzakadai sa vernis martin , dzakabudisa zvinhu nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye dzakasiyana-siyana zvekushongedza. Yakashamisa uye yakanyanyisa, zvidimbu zvakadai semidziyo yemakondohwe emakore ekuma1900 yakave yakasimudzira mhizha kuva unyanzvi.
Zvikamu zvakanakisisa zvebato rakagadzirwa muFrance zvakatanga, sezvaungangopokana, muParis.
04 of 05
American Painted Tin
Pennsylvania Toleware Coffee Pot, c. kutanga kwema1800s. - www.prices4antiques.com MuUnited States, zvidimbu zvekusunungura zvakatengeswa pakutanga. Kuzivikanwa kwezvinhu izvi muColonies kwakatungamirirwa kugadzirwa pavhu reAmerica. Izvi zvidimbu zvependi tinware zvinowanzobatanidzwa nehutano hwemagariro nemishonga - kunyange zvidimbu zvizhinji zviri chaizvo zvakanyatsogadziriswa, uye zvakanyatsorongedzwa zvigadzirwa uye mavara akaoma.
Chimwe chidimbu chinogona kuve chakavharidzirwa nevhudza seasphaltum, uye rakashongedzwa nemaruva emaruva kana mavara emunharaunda, asi ruvara rwemavara rwakanga rwakakurumbira zvakare. Zvikamu zvakasiyana zvinounza maitiro akasiyana-siyana maererano nekugadzirwa nekugadzirwa; kunyanya mabasa anonyanya kukoshesa aibva kune "vadzidzisi vemidziyo" (vashandi vematini vaizodanwa kare musi) muStevens Port, Maine (pedyo nePortland); Litchfield, Connecticut; uye yePennsylvania Dutch nyika.
Munguva yeKurumusheni yekukomberedza kwema1950 ne1960, kubereka zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvakatengeswa muUnited States. Vakawanda vavo vane Pennsylvania Dutch flair pamusoro pavo vane mifananidzo yakaita ruvara rwemavara pamumvuri wakasviba, asi vakasikwa mumafekitari mumusangano wegungano panzvimbo pezvitoro zvekuchenesa uye zvidzidzo zvekushongedza sekare. Zvikamu izvi zvinogona kuve zvakakosha zvakagadziriswa, kunyanya tereyasi dzakanakisisa dzaive nevatengesi vakakurumbira zvikuru, asi havafanire kuvhiringidzika nezvikamu zvekare zvebato.
05 of 05
Dzidza Zvose Nezvokutakura
Verenga zvakawanda pamusoro pemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zvinosanganisira zvinyorwa zveEngland, France neUnited States:
Defining Toleware
English Toleware
French Tôle Peinte
American Painted Tin Toleware