Nheyo dzinokosha Pamusoro peNzvimbo Yakakurumbira yeAntique Porcelain
David Haviland, mumwe mutakuri wekune imwe nyika uyo akabatana nehanzvadzi yake Daniel, akatamira kuLimoges, France muna 1842 kuitira kuti atange kubudisa china chakashongedzwa chakanyatsogadzirwa kumusika weAmerica. Pakutanga, akatenga whiteware kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuLogoges uye akaita kuti zvidimbu zvishongedzwe muParis. Muna 1865, zvisinei, Haviland vakatenga fyiti yavo uye vakatanga kutora zvikamu zvepurasitiki uye nekubhadhara vashandi vekushongedza vemo kuti vapedzise basa pasi pedenga rimwe.
Zita rokuti Haviland, maererano neWarman's Antiques & Collectibles rakagadziriswa naNoef Fleisher, "rinofanana nemafungiro akanaka, machena, echitenderera, kunyange zvazvo zvigadzirwa zvepakutanga zvakanyanya uye zvakasvibiswa pamatombo machena machena kupfuura ayo akazotevera." vakanga vakanyatsoremekedzwa muUnited States mushure mokunge vatsva kuti vakaroorana vane mukana wekusarura kazhinji vakasarudzwa Haviland dinnerware vanoisa sechinhu chavo chemuchato wavo, kunyanya munguva yekupedzisira kweVictorian period, sezvakataurwa naLimoges munyori wenhau dzakaitika Mary Frank Gaston mukunyora kwake.
Kuchengeta Iyo Mumhuri
Charles Edward Haviland naTodore Haviland, vanakomana vaDavid, vakatanga kushanda mubhizinesi rekuvhara mhuri muna 1864, uye muna 1878 kambani ndiyo yakanga iri huru pane iyo, maererano neWarman's English & Continental Pottery & Porcelain: Kutarisa & Mutengo Mutungamiri naSusan D. Bagdade naAl Bagdade.
Hama dzakatora kambani iyo baba vavo vakafa muna 1879, ndokuparadzanisa kambani muna 1892 mushure mekusiyana kwemaonero.
Theodore akazozarura chikwata cheAmerica muna 1936, uye muna 1941 akatenga vagari venhaka yehama yake kugadzira kambani imwe zvakare zvakare vachishandisa zita rekutanga: H & Company. Imwe iyo yakasara yemhuri yavo kusvika muna 1981.
Zvinhu izvi zvekare hazvifanirwe kuvhiringidzwa naJohn Haviland dinnerware yakaitwa muGermany.
Izvo zviito, izvo zvakasviba uye zvave zvaratidza mararamiro emaruva, zvakagadzirwa kuti zviparidzike muzvitoro zvezvitoro zvakawanda gare gare.
Zvimwe Zvikamu Zvikuru NezveHailand China Production
Kusvikira David Haviland akazvitenga pachake fekitari, mahwendefa machena akabudiswa mune imwe nzvimbo uye akashongedzwa mune imwe. Muitiro wacho wakaenderera mberi zvakanaka mushure memakore ekuma1800, hongu, asi Haviland vakashandura mabhizimisi muLimoges, France kuburikidza nekugadzira uye kugadzira china munzvimbo imwe kubva muna 1865. Pickard yakashanda nenzira yakafanana, kuchenesa whiteware, muUnited States mu kuma1800s.
Haviland ndiyo yaiva yekambani yekutanga kushandisa maziso ekukomberedza china . Tisati tamboita tsika iyi, zvigadziro zvose zvakanga zvigadzirwa nemaoko chete. Mushure mekuiswa kwezvirevo, vakashandiswa vari voga uye vachibatana nemaoko painted embellishments. Vatengi vakawanda vanosarudza maoko akare akavezwa zvidimbu, uye vachabhadhara mubayiro wavo.
Inofungidzirwa kuti 20,000 maitiro akasiyana eHaviland akabudiswa , uye kufanana kwavo kunogona kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuziva, maererano neBagdade's reference reference. Mienzaniso yaisanganisira kwete nzvimbo chete, asi zvizere zvikamu zvekushanda semapurita, soup tureens, mapikisi mune maitiro akasiyana, uye kugadzira mabhazi pamwe chete neti chai.
Migwagwa yakawanda yeHaviland yakaitwa vasati vasvika muna 1926 vakanga vasina kutaurwa . Nhamba dzayo dzakapiwa maitiro akasiyana-siyana naArlene Schleiger mumabhuku ake dzinowanzoshandiswa mukutsanangura mazuva ano. Izvi zvinowanzotaurwa nezve "nhamba yeSchleiger" nevatori uye vanoshandiswa mukutenga uye kutengesa zvidimbu zveHasiland. Aya mazano haasi kudhindwa, asi akakosha kuwana nzvimbo kuburikidza nevakashandisa mabhuku mabhuku kune avo vakaoma nezvekusunganidza Haviland. Chimwe chinhu chinowirirana nehutano chinogona kubatsira vatori vanoona mazita emapato avo uye kugadzirisa zvakakwana kana vaonekwa.
Kunyange zvazvo Haviland inonyanya kuzivikanwa nemhando dzechina, dzakagadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushongedza zvakatsvakwa nevatori. Izvo zvinowanikwa kubva kumapapaniti akanaka ezvishongo uye mabhiii emagetsi kumifananidzo yakasiyana-siyana.
Deciphering Various Haviland Marks
Zita rekutanga rekambani raiva H.
& Company, sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa. Zvikamu zvakawanda zvepakutanga zvakanzi H & Co. neL pasi pemutsara unoreva Limoges, France. Zvimwe zvidimbu zvakave zvichinyorwa H & Co. L France.
Apo mavara "machena" akachena akabudiswa mune imwe fekitari uye yakashongedzwa mune imwe, zviratidzo zvinopfuura imwe zvingave zviripo pane imwe chete. Denga rekugadzirwa kwemafekitari richave riri pasi pemvura yakasviba apo maruva ekukomberedza anoiswa padenga pamusoro peganda. Mirairo inokosha kubva kumigwagwa, mabhizimisi emahofisi, uye mitsuwa yekutengesa inogonawo kuva nechimwe chiratidzo chinoratidza ichi ndicho chiitiko. Mamwe mapepa acharatidzwa nezita rezitawo zvakare.