Pane zvakawanda kune Checkers Pane Kufanana Neziso
Checkers ndeyechokwadi yeAmerican version yemutambo unozivikanwa munyika yose unonzi Drafts (zvinonzi "drafts") ine zvisiyana zvakasiyana-siyana. Mutambo wacho unoshamisa zvikuru uye une nhoroondo inofadza. Izvo zvave zviriwo pfungwa dzevadzidzi vanoverengeka vanoita zvemakombiyuta vanofarira huchenjeri hwemagetsi.
Nhoroondo ye Checkers
Chekutanga Checkers-sekutamba bhodhi yakawanikwa nevanochera matongo mucheka muMesopotamiya (zvino yava Iraq) muguta reUre.
Carbon dating yakaratidza bhodhi iri kubva munenge 3000 BCE, kana makore anopfuura 5000.
Kunyange zvazvo mitemo yeMesopotamian Checkers isingazikamwi, vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanoziva mitemo yekare yekare yeEgypt Checkers inonzi Alquerque. Uyu mutambo ungangodaro wakatanga munenge muna 1400 BCE, uye wakakurumbira kusvika kuMiddle Ages.
Muna 1100 CE, shanduro itsva ye Checkers, Fierges, yakagadzirwa nemumwe muFrench. Iyi shanduro, yakatambirwa pabhokisi re chess, yaiwanzoidzwa nevakadzi (kunyangwe Mah Jong iri kutamba nhasi).
Munenge muna 1500, mabhuku ekutanga akanyorwa pamusoro pemutambo waive wainzi Drafts. Muna 1847, makwikwi ekutanga eErafts uye Checkers akabatwa nemararamiro akasarudzwa akapiwa. Kuchinja kwakaitwa kumitemo nokuti vatambi vakakurumidza vakawana mukana nokutamba pakutanga. Zvimwe zvetikiti kune mitemo zvakabatsira kuita kuti mutambo uwedzere kune dzimwe nzvimbo uye kutamba mamiriro ezvinhu.
Makombiyuta, AI, uye Checkers
Kungofanana nechess, checkers yakagara ichifadza kune makombiyuta mapurogiramu nokuti iyi mutambo wezvidzidzo zvemasvomhu.
Purogiramu yekutanga yekombiyuta yakavakwa kutamba Checkers yakasikwa muna 1952 nekugadzirisa Arthur L. Samuel. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, dzimwe dzakawanda dzakapfuura uye dzakaoma Checkers zvirongwa zvakagadzirwa; vamwe vakakunda kunyange vatambi vakakurumbira.
1952 yaiva gore rakakosha mumifananidzo yakaisvonaka yevateri seArthur L.
Samuel akaumba chirongwa chekutanga che Checkers chaishandiswa nekombiyuta. Zvishoma nezvishoma, mapurogiramu aya emitambo akavandudzwa sezvo kombiyuta inokurumidza uye simba rakakura. Nhasi, mapurogiramu epakombiyuta anotendesa pane mamwe mashoko epa database anoita kuti zvose zvinogona kuitika zvinosanganiswa kana zvikamu gumi zvichisara mubhodhi uye zvishoma pane mazano. Checkers apinda nepamusoro peimba yose kuburikidza neInternet uye akamboita kutora uye dzimwe nguva, kunyange akakunda vatambi vakanakisisa . Checkers anoenderera mberi kunge akazivikanwa sekare uye vanhu munyika yose vari kutamba mitambo yakasiyana yemutambo kuti vafare, vanosimbisa masimba avo ekufunga uye vanongonakidzwa nenguva yakanaka vachitamba mitambo yakanaka kumba nemhuri.
Nzira Yokutamba nayo Standard American Checkers
Kunyange zvazvo mitemo ichisiyana kubva kune dzimwe nyika, mitemo iyi inoshanda kuAmerica Checkers, mutambo unowedzerwa kumativi ose nevana nevakuru.
Game Basics
Checkers inotambwa nevatambi vaviri. Mutambi mumwe nomumwe anotanga mutambo nemavhidhi 12 ane mavara. (Kazhinji, rumwe rutivi rwezvidimbu rwakasviba uye rumwe ruvara rutsvuku.) Mutambi mumwe nomumwe anoisa zvikamu zvaro pamakamuri 12 erima ari pedyo naye. Black inotanga kutanga. Vatambi vanobva vachinja zvimwe.
Bhokisi iri rine zvikwata makumi matanhatu nematanhatu.
Iyo yakagadzirirwa kuitira kuti mutambi mumwe nomumwe ave nechikwereti chekona pane kurudyi kwekona kari pedyo naye.
Mutambi anobata mutambo apo muvengi asingakwanisi kufamba. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, izvi ndezvokuti zvikamu zvose zvepikisi zvakatorwa, asi zvinogona kunge zvakare nokuti zvikamu zvake zvose zvakadziviswa mukati.
Mitemo Yemutambo
- Kufamba kunobvumirwa chete panzvimbo dzine rima, saka zvidimbu zvinogara zvichifamba diagonally. Zvikamu zviduku zvinongogara zvisingakwanisi kutamira mberi (kunotarisana nemuvengi).
- Chimwe chigadzira kuendesa kusina kutora (kwete kusanganisira kuruka) kunogona kutora kanda imwe chete.
- Chikamu chinoita kutora kutora (kuruka) kunokwakuka pamusoro peimwe yezvidimbu zvepikisi, zvichidzika mumutsara wakarurama wakananga kune rumwe rutivi. Chikamu chimwe bedzi chinogona kutorwa nechisimba chimwe chete; zvisinei, kutumbuka kwakawanda kunobvumirwa panguva imwe chete.
- Apo chikamu chakabatwa, chinobviswa kubva mubhodhi.
- Kana muchengeti akakwanisa kutora, hapana chaanosarudza; iyo jumini inofanira kuitwa. Kana pane imwechete yakatorwa iripo, mutambi wacho akasununguka kusarudza chero chaanosarudza.
- Apo chikamu chinosvika mumuganhu wakareba kubva kune mutambi uyo anodzora chikamu ichocho, chinoiswa korona uye inova mambo. Chimwe chezvidimbu zvakange zvatorwa zvakagadzirirwa pamusoro pemambo kuitira kuti zvive zvakapetwa kaviri sechikamu chimwe chete.
- Madzimambo ane zvishoma zvokufamba diagonally asi anogona kutamisa zvose mberi uye kumashure. (Yeuka kuti zvidimbu zviduku, kureva vasiri madzimambo, nguva dzose zvinongotadzisa kuenda mberi.)
- Madzimambo angangosangana achipindira mune dzimwe nzira, mberi uye kumashure, panguva imwe chete. Zvikamu zviduku zvingashandura mutungamiri diagonally munguva yakawanda kutora kutendeuka, asi nguva dzose inofanira kumhanyira mberi (kumire kumudzivisi).