Mari yevatengesi uye numismatists vanoshandisa mazwi akasiyana-siyana kurondedzera zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemari dzakasiyana-siyana. Mutsara wemari ndeye kumashure, pasi, kana "miswe" yerineni.
Nhoroondo yeMari Yekutengesa "Reverse"
Apo vashandi vashandi vakatanga kugadzira mari pamusoro pe 300 BC, mushandi wacho aiva nezvikamu zviviri zvesimbi yakaoma nemari yakagadzirwa yakavezwa pamusoro pavo. Aya anozivikanwa semari yemari anofa. Vakasimudza mumwe akafa pamusana wakasimba sakaita sedombo guru, uye akabatisa imwe imwe mari yakafira muruoko rwake.
Mushandi aizotora chidimbu chesimbi ndokuisa panzvimbo iyo yakasungirirwa padombo. Aizobva aisa mumwe wacho akafa pamusoro payo ndokurova nesundo guru rinorema.
Iyo yakakwira pamusoro penzvimbo yakasimba yakanga ichizivikanwa se "chivande kufa." Iyo yakaitwa muruoko rwake yaizivikanwa se "nyundo kufa." Iyi nzira yekuita mari yakaenderera mberi kwemazana emakore kusvika pakuonekwa kwemakambani ekudhinda. Leonardo da Vinci akagadzira chigadzirwa chemagetsi chinoshandiswa pakushandisa mari. Yakarova chinhu chisina chinhu kunze kwechidimbu chematare uye yakashandisa mari iyo yakafa kuti igovera chifananidzo pasimbi isina chinhu panguva imwe chete. Muna 1550 Max Schwab weAugsburg akavaka purogiramu yakaoma inopinza mari iyo inogona kubudisa mavara uye kuuraya mari.
Iyo itsva yekushongedza mashandiro ekugadzira yakanga yakafukidzwa kufa muimba yepamusoro mukati memichina yekudhinda pane kuti iiswe padombo. Nyundo yekufa yakange yakasungirirwa kumucheto wepamusoro wezvinyorwa uye yakasunurwa nemudziyo wemagetsi kurova planchet nekumanikidzwa kukuru.
Nenzira yekuti chifananidzo chakaroverwa nechinhu chakafa kufa chinozivikanwa sechitsva. Mifananidzo iyo yakapiwa nenyundo kufa inozivikanwa seyakashata. Nokufamba kwenguva mamwe maitiro akaumbwa nemari. Coin designers vakaisa mufananidzo wekutonga mambo pamusoro penyundo yekufa, uye naizvozvo kuparara kunowanzova rutivi rwemari iyo ine mufananidzo.
Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvisiri izvo. Semuenzaniso, Great Britain inotonga mutongi ari kutonga pamucheto wechenda.
Zvimwe Zvinyorwa zvekusiyanisa zvakasvibiswa kubva kuReverse
Iko kune zvimwe zvakafanana pakati pemari yakasiyana-siyana munyika yose. Sezvo zvisingakwanisi kutaurira nekutarisa mari iyo yakagadzirirwa yakagadzirwa nechinhu chakafa pane iyo yakave yakagadzirwa nenyundo kufa, nyika dzakawanda dzinotevera maitiro akaenzana.
Semuenzaniso, vatengesi vemari vanowanzoisa zuva iro mari yacho yakaitwa pamatambudziko emari. Uyezve, kana pane chimiro chemambo kana mumwe munhu anokosha, iyo inowanzoiswa pane zvakashata. Nokudaro, rutivi rwakatarisa kazhinji runo rwuri rwakabudiswa nechokufa kufa.
Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti hakuna murairo wezvesayenzi wekusiyanisa zvakashata kubva kune zvakasara. Yakava tsika iyo numismatists ichabvumirana kune rumwe rutivi rwemari iyo yakazara uye rutivi rwemari iyo inopesana nemitemo inogamuchirwa.
Zvimwe Zvokufungisisa
Zvichipa chokwadi chokuti hapana kuwirirana kwakagamuchirwa pane nzira yekugadzirisa rutivi rwenheyo iyo inopesana, nguva uye kushivirira kune kutaura kwekupedzisira.
Mune mamwe mazwi, nekupedza nguva vatsvakurudzi uye numismatists vachatanga kutarisa kune rumwe rutivi rwemari kana sarudzo uye rumwe rutivi sechitsvaga. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vatengesi vemari nevatengi vanogona kusawirirana nechisarudzo chavo, kazhinji ava ndivo vanhu vanoparidzira mabhuku anonyanya kushandisa kushandiswa kwemashoko ekunyora mumari yose yekusvitsa maitiro.
Kunyange zvakadaro, vatengesi vemari vanove nekutaura kwekupedzisira pamusoro pekuti vanogadzira sei mari mumari yavo yekuunganidza. Vatengi vakawanda vanosarudza kuisa zvakashata zvemari mberi kwefaira yavo yemari kana album . Saka, kana chiito chinotanga pakati pevatengesi vemari kana kuti chikamu chepi yesimbi chinokanganisa uye chikamu cheimwe mari inokanganisa, iyo inogona kukanganisa mari yakawanda yekuunganidza kushandiswa kwevanhu kwemazwi. Dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kutaurira rutivi rwenheyo iyo inopesana kana pasina mufananidzo.
Icho chisarudzo chakasara kusvika kune mari yakawanda inounganidza hurumende kusarudza.
Yakarongedzwa na: James Bucki