Mashoko pamusoro peNhoroondo, Vaiti, Maitiro uye Moldu
Mirizi girasi, zita rezita rainzi opaque white girazi mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, rakagadzirwa pasi rose kwezviuru zvemakore zvisati zvasvika pakati pemakore ekuma1800 apo yakazova chinhu muUnited States. Misi yakagadzira girazi muAmerica yakanga yakanyanya kuEastern Pennsylvania, chaizvoizvo.
Kuzivikanwa kwegirazi iri rakapoteredza 1895-1910, maererano neThe Collector's Encyclopedia yeMilk Glass naBill naBetty Newbound (yava kushandurwa asi iripo kuburikidza nevakashandisa mabhuku), asi pakanga paine mukaka wakawanda wekugarisa girazi muma1940 uye '50s' .
Izvozvo zvikamu ndiyo mienzaniso inowanzowanikwa nevatori nhasi.
Popular Motifs in Older American Milk Glass
Iyo dolphin , iyo inotarisa yakawanda sehove kupfuura porpoise, yakashandiswa kugadzira zvigadziko zvemwenje, zvinyorwa uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoratidza umambo hwemambo hwakakurumbira pakati pemakore ekuma1800 (kunyange zvazvo yakaona hurumende dzakawanda mumirazi pamusoro pe makore). Mushure meHondo yeVanhu vevanhu, mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana uye shiri dzaiwanzoumbwa mukati mezvirudzi zvose zvegorozi , kusanganisira girazi remukaka.
Kuronga maitiro kwakaratidza festoons yekuchema pamukaka gorozi remakumbirwe emapurisa eVaPresident Lincoln naGarfield muma1800s. Kutendeka kwezana remakore rechi19 kwakaona hondo yeSpain-America ichiyeukwa nemidziyo yakafukidzwa yakagadzirwa sezvikepe kana mabhasi eAdmiral Dewey. Kuiswa kweTrans-Atlantic kambo yakanga ine simba pamagadzirirwo egirazi, zvakare, uye zvakaguma mu cable cable. "Nhoroondo yose yenyika yedu inogona kuteverwa mugirazi yayo," akanyora kudaro Newbounds.
Itsva Milk Glass yema1940 uye '50s
Mazhinji emukaka gorosi vatengesi vanosangana nhasi akaitwa neWestmoreland Glass neFenton Glass . Wesmoreland akatanga kuita mukaka girazi muma1920, apo Fenton yakatanga muma1940s. Westmoreland's Paneled Grape pattern, yakafanana nemutsara wakabudiswa kutanga kwema1900 neimwe kambani, ndiyo yakawanda kupfuura iyo asi yeBeaded Grape , Old Quilt, uye Roses uye Mheto dzemaitiro inogonawo kuwanikwa mumazvitoro ekare nhasi.
Fenton akashandiswa mazana emhando dzakasiyana-siyana mumukaka wekugadzira girazi. Imwe yeiyo yakakurumbira yaiva Silver Crest, iyo ine mukaka girazi yemuviri nechepamusoro-soro yakagadzirwa negirazi yakajeka. Mimwe mitsetse yakaiswa pamakaka ebisi akadai sePeach Crest uye Emerald Crest. Fenton's Hobnail zvimedu zvakasimbiswa se "yekare-kare, inonyanya kufanana" mumukaka girazi rekugadzira zvinhu uye izvi zvinowanikwa nyore nyore nevatengi nhasi.
Kemple girazi rinoshandiswa "yezvinyorwa zvekare zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa nemaoko" zvinotaridzika sekare zvakasimbiswa girazi zvidimbu zvakare. Girazi rinotarisa mamwe mazuva ano uye akachena kana achienzaniswa nezvikamu zvakakura mumatambudziko mazhinji.
Dzimwe makambani akadai saJeannette Glass , Fostoria , Indiana Glass, uye LE Smith Glass vakagadzirawo mukaka mitsara yemirazi. LE Smith's Vintage Grape pattern dzimwe nguva yakavhiringidzika ne Paneled Grape, asi haina zvinyorwa zvisinganzwisisiki shure kwemuti waibva mazambiringa kana ichienzaniswa nezvidimbu zveWestmoreland. Ikoji yeHinvest's Grape iri pedyo nemutauro, asi "mapaneti" mune iyo purogiramu haisi yakafanana neyeWestmoreland.
Kusiyanisa Chekare kubva kuNew
Ngwarira paunodzidza kusiyanisa mukaka mutsva wekisi kubva kune imwe yekare-iyo inosanganisira kusiyanisa Victorian-era mukaka girazi kubva pakati pe1950 zvikamu pamwe chete neaya akaitwa mumakore makumi maviri akapfuura kana zvakadaro (ona ruzivo pamusoro pekugadziriswa kushandiswa zvakare pasi).
Pane huwandu hunowanzofananidzwa hunhu hwegirasi yakare iyo dzimwe nguva inowanikwa mugirazi idzva zvakare.
Zvimwe girasi vatengesi vanopika zvikamu zvakapfuura ndevopalescent kumativi ose, asi zvikamu zvitsva zvinogona kuva nemhando yakadaro yekutarisa. Vamwe vatengesi vachakutaurira kuti zvikamu zvitatu zvezvikamu (zvinoratidzwa nemhando mitatu yakagadzirwa zvakapoteredza chidimbu) zvakwegura, asi girazi idzva rakaitwa nemhando iyi yekuumbwa, zvakare. Vamwe vanhu vachataura kuti chimiro chakaumbwa seganda chinowanikwa muchengeti chinoratidza girasi yakare. Izvi, maererano neNewbounds, zvinoitika apo girazi inodururwa muhutu zvishoma nezvishoma, uye inogona kuvapo mugirazi itsva zvakare.
Vamwe magirazi vatengesi vanofungidzirawo kuti mazamu ega ose akaiswa mucheka akwegura, asi haisi mutemo wakaoma uye unokurumidza. Uye apo kuedza nemuchena mutsvuku kuchazarura kuputika nekugadzirisa nemamwe marudzi emaglues, kuve nechokwadi kuti chimedu chinopisa pasi pebhuruu ye fluorescent chinofanira kunge chiri chivimbo chezera uye kwete chiyero chete.
Saka iwe unoziva sei kana chikamu chakwegura? Iyo yakareba uye yakapfupi kwayo ndeyokudzidza zvose zvitsva uye yekare girazi. Tarisa pazvinyorwa zvakanyorwa zvegirasi yakakura mumabhuku uye mabhuku. Ita sezvikamu zvakawanda sezvinobvira pazviratidza zvegirazi uye mubvunze mibvunzo pamusoro pavo. Cherechedza zvinyorwa nezvemaitiro akwegura mukuenzanisa nemitsva. Pane "kunzwa" kwegirazi rekare kana richienzaniswa nemutsva unouya nehupenyu. Ramba uchidzidza uye iwe uchanzwisisa kusiyanisa dzekare kubva kune itsva munguva.
Milk Glass "Zvinyorwa"
Westmoreland Glass Company, mune bhizimisi kubva muna 1890 kusvika muna 1984, yakaita mukaka girazi kutanga muma1920s. Mushure mokunge kambani yavharwa, maumbirwo ayo akatengeswa. Pamberi peImperial Glass Corporation yakavharwa muna 1984, iyo yekambani yakanga yawana maCumbridge Glass Company molds. Apo Imperial's molds yakatengeswa kunze kweavo mavo emhando yekugadzira uye iyo yakamboshandiswa neCambridge yakaguma iri mumaoko emawendefa maviri uye mabato ekuunganidza.
Vatori vemakwikwi, semakambani eCambridge Collectors of America uye Imperial Glass Collectors Club, vanowanzotenga girasi regirazi pavanouya pamusika vachiedza kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwegirasi rakavharwa. Kana vakatumira chikamu kuti chigadzirwe kubva pane zvisikwa zvavari, zvinoratidzwa zvakajeka sezvikamu zvinorangarirwa.
Girazi vadziki vanochengeta Westmoreland uye Imperial molds - Boyd's Crystal Art Glass, Summit Art Glass, Viking Glass, uye Blenko Glass Company , pakati pevamwe - vakaita zvidimbu zvakawanda zvegirazi pamwe neyekuumbwa kubvira pakati pe1980. Hachisi chinhu chitsva chekuumba kushandura maoko kubva pairasire kusvika kune gorofa, hongu. Izvo zvakaitikawo mumakore ekurumbira emukaka ekugadzirwa kwegirazi, sezvakataurwa mubhuku reNewbound.
Sezvo makambani aya ane zvigadzirwa, zvidimbu zvitsva hazvisi zvinyorwa (kunyange vamwe vateresi nevatengesi vanozviona nenzira iyo) sezvinotengeswa zvakagadzirwa kubva muzvigadzirwa zvitsva zvinoshandiswa kutevedzera vanhu vekare. Kunyange zvakadaro, kana iwe uchida kuve nechokwadi chokuti uri kutenga girazi rekare kana kuti mazai mazai akachenjera kuongorora pane izvo zvikambani izvi zviri kuumba nemhando dzekare dzavakatenga uye dzinotevera apo dzinoguma munguva yemberi.
Zvisinei, kuramba navo hakusi basa rakanyanya sezvo makambani akawanda egirazi achivhara masuo avo saFenton vakaita muna 2011.