Iko Gumi Negumi Nenguva Dzakakosha muAmerican Furniture History
Mushure mokunge vatongi vokutanga kuAmerica vachifamba pasi, nhoroondo inotitaurira kuti zvakatora makore akawanda vasati vasvika vakakwanisa kutamisa pfungwa dzavo kubva kungopfuurira kune zvinhu zvakadai sokugadzira fenisha. Sezvo nguva yakaenderera mberi, fenicha yakatanga kushanduka kubva kungoshandiswa kwezvinhu zvekushanda.
American woodworking maitiro akave kuburikidza nehuwandu hwemazuva, uye rimwe nerimwe rakanyanyiswa zvikuru nezvinhu zviripo zvekudunhu uye zvikamu zvikavakwa neChirungu neFrench mhizha.
Kune nguva gumi nembiri dzakakura dzeAmerican furniture furniture, kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vane sub-genres iyo inogona kunge yakave yakakurumbira asi yakapedza nguva pfupi. Zvakawanda zvezviitiko izvi zvinosvika uye zvinotora zvakakosha zvemukati, asi pasi apa ndezvokutanga gumi nevaviri.
Kunzwisisa nguva idzi kunokosha kumapuranga ano mazuva ano nokuti inobvumira munhu kugadzira firimu inofananidzwa mune imwe nzvimbo uye inovaka zvidimbu zvehupenyu izvo zvinotevera tsika dzetsika.
MaAmerica okutanga: 1640-1700
Nguva yekutanga yeAmerica yakanga iri nguva yokutanga apo chimiro chakasiyana chakatanga kuonekwa mukati mezvipfeko zvefamberi mumakoloni akafamba kupfuura kungoita zvishoma. Zvishongedzo zvekushongedza, zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro, zvakasimudzwa pamapuranga nemapuranga zvaive zviratidzo zvei nguva ino. Yakawanda yekubatanidza yaiva yekufa uye tenon yakasiyana-siyana, nepine , cherry , birch, maple , oak uye michero yemiti yakadai seapuro inosanganisira huwandu hwehwandwoods uye softwoods dzakashandiswa pazvikamu izvi.
Colonial: (Kubatanidza William naMaria, Mambokadzi Anne uye Chippendale): 1700-1780
Nguva yevaKoloni yakanyanyiswa zvikuru nezvidimbu zveEngland munguva ino, kunyange zvazvo maBhaibheri eAmerica aitove ari zviduku zvakanyanya uye akachengetedza. Kupedza kwaiwanzova mavhenisi emafuta, pende kana yakisi pamusoro peatini .
Nhengo iyi yakatanga kuita kuonekwa pamwe chete nekufa uye tenon pamwe chete semotokari kubva munguva yekutanga yeAmerica. Mahogany, elm, uye munyu zvaive zvakare zvakanyanya kushandiswa munguva ino.
Pennsylvania Dutch: 1720-1830
IPennsylvania Dutch nguva yakaratidzwa neIndaneti yakaoma. Zvikamu zvacho zvakanga zviri nyore uye zvishandiso, pamwe chete nemashizha akaisvonaka mavara-painted scenes. Iyo midziyo kubva panguva ino ine mitsara yakajeka, kushanduka nyore, uye makumbo makagadzirwa nemuti, oak uye pine.
Federal: 1780-1820
Hurumende yePeriod yakaisa hutano hwakasiyana-siyana hwekushongedza zvakadai sokukwikwidza, kupinza kwemafuro ekusiyanisa matanda kuti aumbe maumbirwo uye zvigadzirwa, uye kusungirirana nemapapiro akasiyana semakona ekushongedza. Zvikamu zvenguva iyi zvakaratidza kukwirira kunofadza nechisimba cheFrance neChirungu simba. Chigadzirwa chaiwanzoita chendarira mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakawanikwa mumasikirwo.
Sheraton: 1780-1820
Sheraton Period ndiyo yaive yakanyanya kudhindwa-yakanyorwazve yekutanga kwema1800. Inonzi zita rakagadzirwa neChirungu Thomas Sheraton, iyo nguva yakatarwa yakavimbwa zvikuru kune veneers uye rich upholstery. Mifananidzo yaiwanzochengetedza, uye yakashongedzwa nemhando yehuta hardware ichibata ziso.
Zvinyorwa zvekudzivirira zvaive chiratidzo chenguva ino.
Umambo hweAmerica: 1800-1840
Nguva yeAmerican Empire yakawedzera simba kubva kuFrench kupfuura Chirungu, nechisimbiso chikuru pamakumbo akapinza, makumbo e-cabriole, uye marefu, paw kana kupenya tsoka. Kutsigira mapuranga kumakona evashambadzi uye girazi munzvimbo dzekusimudza mapurisa zvaivewo zviratidzo zveizvi nguva.
Shaker: 1820-1860
Nguva ye Shaker yakatumidzwa mushure mekuita sangano rechitendero panguva iyo, uye shandiso yehutenzi yaiva nyore uye yakashanda. Chimiro chacho chaive chakanyatsojeka mitsetse, yakarukwa kana kuti chigadziko chechigaro, zvigadziriswa zvakashandura matanda emapuranga, uye kuonekwa kwekuvhara.
Victorian: 1840-1910
Nguva yeVaVictorian, inonzi zita reEngland Queen Victoria, yakashanda sepakasiyana zvakanyanya kune nguva Shaker. Victorian furniture inoshandiswa, yakajeka uye inofadza.
Iyo upholstery yenguva iyi yakaenzana nekuputika kwakanaka kwehuni, uye ne-needlepoint uye tapestry kunyorera dzakawanda zvezvidimbu zvakanyanyisa. Mucheka wakaoma, muoki, maple, uye madota zvaive zvakajairika zvivakwa zvekuvaka nguva ne rosewood inlays kuti asiyane.
Arts and Craft (aka Mission): 1880-1920
The Arts and Craft period yakaratidza imwe nguva inoshandiswa pakugadzirisa samani. Chikwata chaiva chifukidzo chekugadzirwa kwemazuva ose, zvichida zvakanyanya kubatsira kune zvikonzero zvekugadzira. Lacquer , shellac uye wax zvaiwanzopedzisa kupera pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehuni dzakashandiswa panguva ino.
Art Nouveau: 1890-1910
Nguva yeArt Nouveau yakabhadharwa kubva kune dzimwe nguva dzekare, nemifananidzo yakashongedzwa yakajeka uye zvigadziro zvinoputika zvakagadzirwa nesimbi uye chrome hardware. Upholstery munguva iyi yakabva kune micheka yakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira velvet, tapestries, chikohwe nemicheka.
Kuvandudzwa Kwetsika (yePakutanga VaKoloni uye Federal): 1920-1950
Nguva yekudzoka kwetsika yakaratidza rumutsiriro rwemazuva akapfuura, kunyanya maColonial uye Federal, nguva dzakadzorerwa nechishuwo chinodiwa. Nguva iyi yakatarisira pamakumbo akaoma uye mavhenekeri pamwe chete nekushandura kwekushongedza kunyorera izvo zvaive zvakanyanya mitsara yakarurama.
Mazuva ano uye Post-Modern Mazuva: 1950-Ikozvino
Mazuva Emazuva Ano uye Emasikati Mazuva Ano ainge aenda zvikuru kubva kuChirungu neFrance simba uye nguva yezana remakore apfuura. Pane kudaro, nguva iyi yakanyanya kuvimba neAsia neAfrica. Iyi nguva yakaisa fesheni yakavakwa kubva kune zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakagadzirwa zvakadai seplate yakaumbwa, zvigadzirwa nemaplastiki.